Mistik Düşüncelerdeki Fenâ, Nirvana, Devekuth, Mânevî Evlilik ve Kendiliğindenlik Anlayışları Bağlamında Birliğe Giden Yol
The Path to Unity in the Context of Fanā, Nirvana, Devekuth, Spiritual Marriage and Spontaneity in Mystical Thoughts

Summary/Abstract: The concept of “unity” in mystical thought is a profound notion that manifests across diverse religious and philosophical systems that expresses the integration of the human being with the divine or absolute truth. This understanding manifests in distinctive forms across diverse cultural and theological contexts. Exemplifying this, concepts such as “fanā” in Islamic mysticism, “nirvana” in Buddhism, “devekuth” in Judaism, “spiritual marriage” in Christianity, and “spontaneity” in Taoism represent the attainment of a higher reality throug purifying oneself from the worldly self or by transcending one’s ego and desires. In Sufi thought, “fanā” is the complete abandonment of one’s ego and worldly desires and annihilation in God’s will. This experience becomes possible when the a sālik fully surrenders himself/herself to divine truth, Allah. A similar concept is found in Buddhism, where “nirvana” signifies a state of mental freedom and tranquility characterised by the cessation of suffering through the transcendence of desires and ego. In the context of Judaism, the concept of “devekuth” underscores a perpetual state of interconnectedness and profound spiritual intimacy with the divine. Concept entails the perception of God’s presence in everyday life. In Christian mysticism, “spiritual marriage” symbolizes a complete union with God on an emotional, intellectual and spiritual level. In Taoism, “spontaneity” is defined as the individual’s ability to adapt to and harmonise. Here the individual moves in spontaneous unity with the cycles of nature. Although these different concepts have different theological and philosophical origins, they share a common theme. The aspiration of human beings to unite with a higher reality is a common theme. However, each religion defines and interprets the means of achieving this mystical goal differently. In this respect, the concept of “unity” in mystical thought can be considered as a universal reflection of a common spiritual quest across religions and philosophies. This study aims to examine the understanding of “unity” in different traditions. The research was conducted within the framework of document analysis, which is a qualitative method, and the data identification and interpretation processes were handled in line with the determined thematic framework. The data obtained were analyzed with contextual and contextual associations and interpreted in a way to contribute to the solution of the research problem. The findings of the study show that the understanding of mystical unity in different traditions reflects the individual’s effort to reach a higher existence by transcending his/her worldly self. Although in each religious tradition this quest is expressed in unique terms, in essence it shares a universal spiritual goal. However, the ways in which these experiences are expressed in each tradition have been shaped and differentiated according to the religious understanding, cultural and historical contexts to which they are attached.

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