Multiple annuities and spousal pensions: a proposal to reduce the gender gap in pensions
Multiple annuities and spousal pensions: a proposal to reduce the gender gap in pensions

Summary/Abstract: Globally, the standard of living of societies is increasing with socio-economic development. Asa result, people are living longer and more comfortably, but the birth rate is decreasing and theproportion of older people in society is increasing. There are income inequalities between men andwomen and there is a longer life expectancy for women, resulting in a gender gap in pensioners’incomes (GGP). From Eurostat data, in 2019, the level of GGP for pensioners aged 65+ averaged29% in the EU27. Such large income gaps mean that there is an increasing risk of poverty and socialexclusion for women in retirement. The literature examines replacement rates and the pension gapbut does not show gender diff erences in pension income. This paper analyses the factors on whichthe GGP depends and looks for ways to reduce its level. Pensions in the form of life spousal annuitiescan increase women’s retirement benefi ts and improve their retirement security.

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