Metafory i algorytmy: analiza percepcji ucieleśnionych chatbotów przez użytkowników za pomocą techniki eyetrackingu
Metaphors and algorithms: an analysis of user perception of embodied chatbots using eyetracking technology

Summary/Abstract: Purpose/Thesis: This article aims to examine the role of metaphors in designing conver- sational systems and to investigate whether image schemas constructed on metaphors are reflected in communication with chatbots. The article presents an overview of the interface design issue based on metaphors, discusses the topic of conversational systems and conversational UX, and highlights selected aspects of metaphor usage in chatbot design based on a literature review. The research objective is to analyse the perception of chatbots embodied in metaphorical entities, including those representing a god, a hu- man, an animal, a plant, an object, and an entity devoid of physical and human traits. Furthermore, the research seeks to ascertain the influence of the ‘assistant’ metaphor on user perceptions of warmth and competence. An additional objective is to ascertain the suitability of the eyetracking technique for studying metaphors in informational contexts. Approach/Methods: In the theoretical section, the literature analysis and critique method was employed, while the empirical research was conducted using eyetracking techniques and surveys. Results and Conclusions. The use of specific keywords in the presentation of chatbots with metaphorical content allows users to focus their attention on these elements, which can facilitate the transfer of conceptual structure from the source domain to the target domain in the process of conceptual mapping. The respondents readily identified chat- bots associated with nature, preferred communication with a chatbot that exhibited human-like characteristics and demonstrated an awareness of the warmth of the artificial intelligence assistant. Originality/Value: The research contributes to the body of knowledge regarding co- nversational system design and enhances the existing content on using metaphors in informational spaces

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