Situational Awareness in the Context of Maritime Operations with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Situational Awareness in the Context of Maritime Operations with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Summary/Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly deployed in maritime operations, but their effectiveness hinges on robust Situational Awareness (SA). This study provides a comprehensive analysis of SA in maritime UAV operations, addressing theoretical foundations, practical applications, and multi-UAV collaboration. We review the evolution of UAV technology in the maritime domain and identify research gaps in integrating SA principles. Using a literature-driven approach, we examine Endsley’s three-level SA model (perception, comprehension, projection) and its relevance to UAVs. We then analyze how SA enhances threat detection, navigation safety, collision avoidance, and mission adaptability in maritime contexts. Finally, we explore frameworks for collaborative SA in multi-UAV operations, where real-time data sharing among drones expands operational coverage. Key findings indicate that applying SA theory significantly improves decision-making speed and safety in maritime UAV missions. Multi-UAV coordination leveraging shared SA can further boost mission efficiency and coverage. This research underscores the critical role of situational awareness in ensuring that maritime UAV operations are both safe and effective. Significance: Enhancing SA in maritime drone missions is pivotal for timely threat response, informed decision-making, and overall mission success

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