Enbiyâ Sûresinin 22. Âyeti Bağlamında Allah’ın Vahdâniyet Önermesine İlişkin Müfessirlerin Mülahazaları ve Bunların Tahlili
The Approaches of Commentators on the Proposition of Allah’s Oneness (Waḥdānīyah) in the Context of 22nd Verse of Sūrah al-Anbiyā and the Critique of Their Interpretation

Summary/Abstract: When viewing the history of Islamic thought, it is observed that almost all scholars, especially in the fields of Qur’ānic exegesis (tafsīr) and theology (kalām), have tried to justify the existence, oneness and uniqueness of Allah on the basis of the 22nd verse of Sūrah al-Anbiyā through various methods of reasoning, and they have put forward their conceptions of waḥdānīyah mostly based on this divine proposition. Moreover, different interpretations attributed to this verse have led scholars to declare each other unbelievers (takfīr) and to use a pejorative style against each other. Due to the presence of references to this divine proposition between the lines of exegetical texts in almost every field of Islāmic sciences methodology, as well as the pejorative style developed on the axis of its interpretation, and since a comprehensive study in the context of the relevant verse has not been prepared, the meaning and interpretation of the 22nd verse of Sūrah al-Anbiyā is the subject of this article. In this study, chronologically analysing the tafsīr texts from various periods and different schools of thought, the methods of the exegetes to prove the aforementioned verse and the breaking points in the interpretation of this verse in the historical process are identified. Thus, it is aimed to analyse the related verse comprehensively with a special focus on the relationship between tafsīr-naḥw and tafsīr-kalām. In this direction, based on the approach of examining the exegesis texts chronologically, as well as document analysis and systematic literature review methods, the approaches presented in the context of the verse of waḥdānīyah in the tafsīr tradition are both determined with a descriptive qualitative narrative and analysed in an analytical style. In the final analysis, it can be concluded that Allah presents His uniqueness as a subject open to discussion with rational propositions and His reliance on the challenging behaviour of reason in this regard means that it is inevitable to assign a functional role to reason for almost every issue in Islam and that Allah did not intend to send a text implying a conflict between reason and religion with His last revelation message.

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