Moğol Dönemi Azerbaycan’ında Bir Sufi Şeyhi: Seyyid Cemâleddin Tebrîzî
A Sufi Sheikh in Mongolian Period Azerbaijan: Seyyid Jamal al-Din Tabrizi

Summary/Abstract: The family tree of Seyyid Jamal al-Din Tabrizi goes back to the Prophet Muhammad. His real name is Muhammad, and his last name is Abu al-Hassan. He was born in Tabriz. He completed his education at the famous Jami al-Azhar Madrasah in Egypt. He then returned to Tabriz and became a disciple of Sheikh Shahab al-Din Mahmud Tabrizi, who belonged to the Abhariyya branch of the Suhrawardiyya Sufi sect. Later he was sent by his mentor to the Astara region to carry out spiritual activities. Thus, Seyyid and his family settled in the village of Buteser (now Penser) of Astara. For many years he showed the right path to the people in the dervish lodge that he founded there. Living in Buteser, Seyyid Jamal al-Din lived very poorly, making ends meet by working in his small field and selling the products obtained from there. However, he took precautions so that no one would notice his poverty and send him alms. Seyyid Jamal al-Din, described in the sources as "kashif-i asrar-i yaqin" (explorer of the secrets of certainty), was also a miraculous saint. He played an important role in the adoption of Islam by some of the Mongol rulers of Azerbaijan. It is known that Seyyid Jamal al-Din had khalifas named Sheikh Seyyid Muhammad al-Kasireh, his son Sheikh Seyyid Ali, Sheikh Seyyid Abu al-Qasim, Babil and Sheikh Ibrahim Zahid Gilani. The last person was his spiritual heir and son-in-law. In addition, Seyyid Jamal al-Din had a son named Seyyid Sadullah, who continued his path, and the sheikh sent him to Baku as a spiritual propagandist. Although some researchers identified Seyyid Jamal al-Din Tabrizi with Ayn al-Zaman Jamal al-Din Gili, this is not true. The grave of Seyyid Jamal al-Din is currently located in the village of Penser, Astara region of the Republic of Azerbaijan and is visited by the people. As can be seen from the explanatory text inside the tomb, the building was demolished twice by the Soviet authorities in 1937 and 1953. However, after I. V. Stalin's death, as Soviet oppression eased, the villagers renovated the tomb in 1956, and the current mausoleum was built in 1985.

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