KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF HIGHER MEDICAL SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARD HEPATITIS B INFECTION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF HIGHER MEDICAL SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARD HEPATITIS B INFECTION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Summary/Abstract: Hepatitis B virus infection poses a significant health risk, particularly for healthcare professionals and students in medical training. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of students at the Higher Medical School, University St. Kliment Ohridski Bitola, regarding hepatitis B transmission, prevention, vaccination, and post-exposure management. The study also explores the willingness of the students to treat hepatitis B-infected individuals and their perception of occupational risks. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted during March and April 2024, involving 103 students from different academic years. It was used structured, self-administered questionnaire to collect data on knowledge of hepatitis B transmission routes, vaccination protocols, infection prevention measures, and attitudes toward treating infected individuals. The survey was based on World Health Organization guidelines and existing literature. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data, examining associations between knowledge levels and attitudes. Results: The study found that 96% of students correctly identified blood as a primary transmission route, and 95% recognized needlestick injuries as a significant occupational risk. While 95% acknowledged vaccination as the best preventive measure, only 88% were aware of the full three-dose vaccination regimen. Knowledge gaps were identified in infection prevention (54%) and awareness of HBsAg as a marker of chronic infection (51%). Although 73% of students showed adequate knowledge, only 66% expressed a willingness to treat hepatitis B-infected individuals, and 69% reported anxiety about occupational exposure. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.42, p < 0.001) was found between knowledge levels and positive attitudes toward vaccination and infection control. Conclusions: The findings suggest that while students have a strong understanding of hepatitis B transmission and the importance of vaccination, gaps persist in infection prevention measures and serological knowledge. Additionally, fear and stigma surrounding HBV-infected individuals remain a challenge, affecting students’ readiness to provide care. Recommendations: To improve hepatitis B awareness and preparedness among future healthcare professionals, customized educational interventions should be integrated into the curriculum. These should include practical training on infection control, interactive case-based learning on hepatitis B management, and structured workshops emphasizing universal precautions and post-exposure protocols. Institutional policies should also reinforce mandatory hepatitis B vaccination compliance and ensure continuous infection control education. Additional data: This study provides information about the knowledge gaps and misconceptions surrounding hepatitis B among medical students, emphasizing the need for improved training and awareness programs. The findings can inform future policies and curriculum modifications aimed at enhancing the safety and competency of healthcare professionals in managing hepatitis B related risks.

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