Future threat landscapes: The impact on intelligence and security services
Future threat landscapes: The impact on intelligence and security services

Summary/Abstract: This article examines the evolving nature of antagonistic threats in the context of intelligence and security services, with a focus onsmall and medium-sized countries. It explores the impact of hybrid threats and non-linear warfare in an increasingly blurred securitylandscape between war and peace. The study aims to understand the emerging dynamics of the grey zone and the new challenges theseevolving threats pose to intelligence and security services. The article adopts a qualitative methodology, drawing on global examplesand including the strategic use of hybrid warfare by both state and non-state actors. In addition, the study examines technologicaladvancements, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), to assess their role in shaping modern threats.The article argues that modern antagonistic threats differ from traditional ones in both intensity and complexity. Hybrid threatsoperate across multiple domains, blending military and non-military tactics while exploiting societal vulnerabilities. The articlehighlights the growing importance of AI and ML in both offensive and defensive strategies as well as the challenges posed by rapidtechnological advancements beyond state control. The article concludes that intelligence and security services must adapt to thesemulti-dimensional threats by embracing flexible integrated strategies. Enhanced international collaboration, advanced technologicalintegration, and a focus on resilience will be the key to countering hybrid threats. The findings underscore the need for intelligenceservices to operate beyond traditional boundaries to effectively manage the complexities of future security environments.

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