Тонологические законы среднеяпонских именных композитов
Tonological rules of nominal compounds in middle Japanese

Summary/Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems of tonal rules that determine the relationship between tonal patterns of nominal compounds and the tonal characteristics of their components in the Middle Japanese of the 11th—13th century. The article analyzes the material from the Ruiju Myogisho dictionary and some other sources. The resulting system of rules explains the material with a relatively high level of accuracy (about 90 %). According to these results, the influence of tone classes 2.1 and 2.3 on the compounds depended on the protoJapanese structure of the final syllable, while for classes 1.3a and 2.3 the tone of the compound was influenced by the type of consonant of the final syllable (sonorant/obstruent). It was demonstrated that the initial elements of the compound with H and HH influenced the tonal contour of the compound differently than the initial elements of the compound with F and HL. The tone rules formulated in the article also help explain some specific phenomena in modern dialects. Some assumptions have also been made about the nature of the tonal changes that formed this system of tonal rules. A reinterpretation of Martin's rule is proposed for compounds consisting of five or more moras. Some problems directly related to the main topic of the article are also considered: fluctuations in the final tone of a number of nouns and their distribution in various books of Ruiju Myogisho, regular correspondences in verbs with a one-syllable stem (it is proposed to reconstruct type B' not only for stems of two and more syllables, but also for monosyllabic stems), phonetic interpretation of tone dots (with comparison between traditional and alternative theories).

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