Между пацифизмом и миротворчеством: к проблеме поиска обобщающего антивоенного понятия
Between Pacifism and Peacemaking: The Problem of Finding a General Anti-War Concept

Summary/Abstract: The article discusses the most important anti-war concepts that are used in modern paxological research. The evolution of anti-war terminology in domestic and foreign socio-political thought is revealed, the main approaches to anti-war definitions are revealed. According to the author, the role of a concept capable of uniting numerous anti-war ideas and practices is claimed primarily by three concepts — “pacifism”, “peacemaking” and “antimilitarism”. The most popular and at the same time the most difficult in terms of content is the term “pacifism”. During the Soviet period, pacifism was viewed as an ideology alien and even hostile to Marxism. The reason for such rejection was the numerous works of V.I.Lenin, who declared pacifism an imaginary instrument of the struggle for peace. It was only since the early 1990s that the term “pacifism” was “rehabilitated” and began to be actively used in literature. In its radical form, pacifism is often used in a single lexical bundle with another anti-war concept — “nonviolence”, and with a moderate understanding it is transformed into an independent term — “pacificism”. The concept of “peacemaking” began to be actively used in the broad public discourse only in the post-Soviet period and is traditionally used when describing political and legal practices for the settlement of international and internal conflicts. At the same time, there is a tradition in Russian literature of using the concept of “peacemaking” when describing a personal or public anti-war position. The term “antimilitarism” is closely related to militarism, being its semantic inversion. In some cases, antimilitarism can be combined with pro-war sentiments, only denying their extreme manifestations.

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