Приложение на глината като устойчив строителен материал. Характеристика на древни глинени мазилки - пилотни резултати
Application of clay as a sustainable building material. Characteristics of ancient clay plasters - pilot results

Summary/Abstract: Clay is a popular traditional material that has been used for the construction of building materials and household objects since time immemorial. Due to its plastic property and capacity to regulate humidity, it was often used in the form of clay plasters. At present, the building sector has become a serious contributor to climate change, thus triggering a need for the use of more sustainable and eco-friendly materials. This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of ancient clay plasters from the Roman age and define their production technology. The reason for this study is that the ancient production recipes of clay plasters are the base for the modern ones. The analytical methods that were used in this research include X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, Powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) measurements and thermal analysis. It was established that two types of raw clay were used for the clay plasters preparation, calcareous and non-calcareous, and both match the rock types on the surface around the archeological sites, meaning that the clay was most likely of local origin. There are no signs of burning on the samples; however there is a high probability that they were intentionally treated thermally within a similar temperature range. The acquired results suggest a good environmental knowledge throughout the Roman era and an ability to work well with traditional materials, but with different properties. The results are also of practical value, since they can be applied in the creation of modern plasters that can be used both in modern buildings and for conservation and restoration purposes.

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