Какво е останало от социализма?
What is Left of Socialism?

Summary/Abstract: Leszek Kołakowski's article "What Is Left of Socialism" critically examines Karl Marx's theories and the practical outcomes of socialist movements. Kołakowski argues that Marx's key predictions—such as the disappearance of the middle class, the absolute impoverishment of the working class, and the inevitability of proletarian revolution—have been proven false. He contends that socialism, as envisioned by Marx, has failed both as an economic system and as a political movement, often leading to oppressive regimes rather than the liberation of the proletariat. Kołakowski concludes that while the ideals of human fraternity and social justice are commendable, the socialist project as an alternative society is effectively dead.

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