PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF LEADERSHIP: MAIMONIDES, SPINOZA, AND GREENLEAF THROUGH THE POPPERIAN LENS
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF LEADERSHIP: MAIMONIDES, SPINOZA, AND GREENLEAF THROUGH THE POPPERIAN LENS

Summary/Abstract: This study investigates three distinct leadership paradigms—Maimonides’s flexible leadership (MFL), Spinoza’s affective leadership (SAL), and Greenleaf’s servant leadership (SL)—within the philosophical framework of Karl Popper. Through an interdisciplinary approach, it uncovers the intricate interplay between these styles and foundational philosophical principles, particularly those of Socratic and Platonic origins. Emphasizing the socio-cultural contexts that shape each style, the analysis discerns how MFL leans towards Platonic hierarchy, while SAL and SL resonate more with Socratic ideals of dialogue and trust. Beyond theoretical exploration, the article offers practical insights tailored for management organizations, empowering them to enhance leadership effectiveness, navigate ethical dilemmas, and align with core values. Ultimately, this research aims to equip organizations with the tools needed to thrive in diverse contexts and navigate the evolving landscape of leadership dynamics.

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