Początki i rozwój technologiczny artylerii ogniowej i jej wykorzystanie w średniowiecznych działaniach wojennych
The Origins and Technological Development of Artillery and its Use in Medieval Warfare

Summary/Abstract: This article attempts to trace the development of artillery since the appearance of blackpowder in Europe. Gradually, the process of gunpowder production was improved bypurifi cation of its ingredients and selecting the right proportions. Cannons became thenext stage in the evolution of the former throwing machines. In order to produce them,suitable metal alloys were discovered, and the art of gunfounding was perfected. Theuse of iron and lead projectiles instead of stone projectiles made it possible to reducetheir size and enhance their striking power. Initially not very effective, the new weaponsbecame increasingly signifi cant in battle outcomes, playing a key role in events such as thecapture of Constantinople or the end of the Hundred Years’ War.

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