KENTSEL DOKULARDA TARİHİ MEZARLIK ALANLARININ VE MEZAR TAŞLARININ DURUMLARI (TOKAT VE RIZE ÖRNEKLERIYLE)
CONDITIONS OF HISTORICAL CEMETERY AREAS AND TOMBSTONES IN URBAN TEXTURES (TOKAT AND RIZE EXAMPLES)

Summary/Abstract: Cemeteries, which have an important place in the Turkish-Islamic world, are areas valued and respected by people. Particularly within the Ottoman urban development, great importance was given to cemeteries, burial grounds (hazire) tombstones and mausoleums, and cemeteries were transformed into gardens of paradise. This situation also attracted the attention of foreign travellers; It has been the subject of their memoirs and engravings. At that time, cemeteries were one of the effective elements in forming the historical texture of cities, especially Istanbul, but this effect gradually decreased with urbanization. Some activities brought about by urbanization can cause damage or even destruction of historical monuments. Old cemeteries and burial areas (hazire) are among the places most affected by this situation. Various construction activities carried out within the scope of urbanization and modernization processes, as well as increasing population, massacres by treasure hunters, human and natural destruction, cause the number of cemetery areas and the gravestones in these areas to decrease and disappear day by day. By specifically focusing on Tokat and Rize provinces, this study aims to show the conditions of historical cemetery areas and gravestones through urbanization processes and some conscious or unconscious practices. Examples of some historical cemeteries, burial grounds (hazire) and tombstones that we encountered during our research on Tokat and Rize tombstones are given, and our findings about their previous and current conditions are shared.

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