The variability of anthropometric and body composition parameters in middle-aged women associated with menopause and smoking
The variability of anthropometric and body composition parameters in middle-aged women associated with menopause and smoking

Summary/Abstract: Menopause and its related hormonal changes are associated with the variation of bodycomposition, especially impacting adipose tissue metabolism and the reduction of lean mass. The purposeof the present study was to investigate the impact of smoking during menopause on the subsequent effectson body composition.The sample comprised of 572 Slovak women aged between 39 and 65 years (49.67±6.2). Standardanthropometric techniques were used to collect anthropometric measurements, whereas bioelectricalparameters were measured utilizing a mono-frequency bioimpedance analyzer (BIA 101). Data onmenopausal status, physical activity, and smoking habits were obtained via a specific questionnaire.In postmenopausal women, our results showed a statistically significant difference between smokersand non-smokers in BMI, TBW%, ECW%, ICW%, MM%, FFM%, FM% (p < 0.05). No significantdifferences were observed in premenopausal women, although two-way analysis of covariance revealeda significant interaction between smoking and menopausal status on the FM% (p < 0.001), FFM%(p < 0.001), and MM% (p = 0.002), whilst controlling for age and physical activity.In our sample group of middle-aged women, the combined impact of menopause and smoking appearedto influence anthropometric parameters and body composition.

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