RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: AN ANALYSIS OF TWO DECADES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: AN ANALYSIS OF TWO DECADES
Author(s): Zeynep Su BORAHANSubject(s): Economic history, Political history, Economic policy, Economic development, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today), EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
Published by: Fundatia Română pentru Inteligenta Afacerii
Keywords: Research and development expenditure; R&D; GERD; Income groups; The European Union; Economic growth; EU Innovation Policy;
Summary/Abstract: Innovative activities are vital for countries' economic growth and competitiveness in the same way research and development (R&D) is vital for innovation. Expenditure on R&D is an apt indicator to assess countries' R&D input. This article statistically reviews the European Union's gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) and its components for 2000-2020 to uncover trends and patterns. Business enterprise, higher education and government components of GERD are selected as indicators to assess the sectoral trends in R&D. Furthermore, to give more insight, conceptualised income groups are used to identify any pattern between countries' R&D expenditures and income levels. The United States, Korea and China are chosen as benchmarks for R&D based on their income level. Additionally, based on the EU27 countries' historical progress and final figures, R&D leaders and laggers are appointed.
Journal: SEA – Practical Application of Science
- Issue Year: X/2022
- Issue No: 28
- Page Range: 37-55
- Page Count: 19
- Language: English