Vývoj univerzít v Európe od Bolonskej univerzity po Bolonský proces (Komparácia selektovaných aspektov)
Development of Universities in Europe from Bologna University to Bologna Process (Comparison of Selected Aspects)

Summary/Abstract: The Bologna process is a reform of higher education which aims to establish a greater accord between national systems to become members of the European Higher Education Area. The reform was carried out from 1999 to 2010 and included 47 participating countries. During the reform the politicians and also academic representations declared that the first universities (especially Bologna university and Sorbonne university) were the inspiration for the process. An analysis of university entities´ development from the Middle Ages till presence in selected fields of university life makes it easier to compare policies, principles and tools. The Bologna process was inspired by the principles of universities in the Middle Ages, especially their cosmopolitan nature and free academic mobility as well as the study structure which were disrupted by establishment of modern states. The unity of research and education introduced into university practice in Germany in modern times is supported, too. However, the tools of the process are modern, emanating from the Anglo-American university tradition and introducing neoliberal policies of effectiveness and quality into the whole spectrum of academic life. The result of the process is a unified academic model of modern European university which wants to compete with the American higher education especially.

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