РІДКІСНИЙ ЧЕСЬКИЙ ДЕНАРІЙ ПОЧАТКУ ХІІ СТОЛІТТЯ, ЗНАЙДЕНИЙ НА КИЇВЩИНІ
A RARE CZECH DENARIUM OF THE BEGINNING OF THE 12TH CENTURY FOUND IN THE KYIV REGION

Summary/Abstract: This investigation continues the author‘s attempts to clarify the issue of the circulation of denarii of various European countries in Ancient Rus. The purpose of the article is the attribution of the European denarius found in the Kyiv region and the formulation of assumptions regarding the semantics of the images and inscriptions on it, as well as hypotheses regarding its circulation. Research methodology. The methods of historicism, generalization, objectivity, historical-typological, comparative analysis are applied. Scientific novelty. The found denarius, which was originally identified as Hungarian, was attributed to the Czech prince Borivoj II, and its uniqueness was emphasized in the part of the image on the reverse in the form of three crosses. The rarity of this artifact can be explained by the fact that this type was the last to be minted by the prince and it was not widely distributed in Bohemia and Moravia, where it was probably minted in the last year of the third reign of Borivoi. We assume that our coin was minted in a certain territory of Moravia, which Boryva came to own (he was once a Moravian prince). His son Spitignev inherited part of this principality and, together with Ota II, minted his coins there in 1123–1125. The escape of Borivoi with a significant part of these denarii to Hungary could later lead to the copying of his reverse by Hungarian coins. Conclusions. In this way, the denarius found in the Kyiv region is, in our opinion, a unique artifact minted in the last year of the third reign of the Czech prince Borivo II, hypothetically in Moravia. This issue became the object of imitation of the image of the reverse with three crosses for the Hungarian coins of Stephen II. The author hopes to find such a denarius in the catalogs or written records of archaeological research, which will provide the possibility of its probable attribution and confirmation or refutation of his hypotheses. For now, this coin remains unique. In general, in the end, we must state that the find of the Czech denarius confirms our The Ukrainian Numismatic Annual. Issue 7. Kropyvnytskyi – Kyiv – Pereiaslav , 2023. hypothesis regarding the presence of European coins in the monetary circulation of Kyivan Rus at the beginning of the 12th century.

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