Fıkıh İlmi Özelinde ve Kefevî’nin Ketâib’i Çerçevesinde Mâverâünnehir Âlimlerinin Osmanlı Ulemasına Tesiri
Influence of Mā warāʾ al-Nahr Scholars on the Ottoman Ulema in the Specification of the Science of Fiqh and Within the Framework of Kafawī’s Katā’ib

Summary/Abstract: This study aims to investigate the influence of Mā warāʾ al-Nahr scholars, who hold an essential place in scholarly traditions, on Ottoman scholars in the field of fiqh and within the framework of Maḥmūd b. Sulaimān al-Kafawī’s (d. 990/1582) Katā’ib aʿlām al-akhyār min fuqahā’ madhhab al-Nuʿmān al-mukhtār. This preference is because the science of fiqh, as a discipline that determines the legal structure and manages social life, has always had an exceptional place in Islamic societies. The most important source from which the Ottoman scholars inherited Hanafi fiqh was the scholars of Mā warāʾ al-Nahr. Its function in regulating legal and social life has made fiqh the primary field of scholarly tradition. Given that the Ottoman scholars adhered to the Ḥanafī madhhab and learned Ḥanafī jurisprudence primarily through the scholarly lineage based on the scholars of Mā warāʾ al-Nahr and benefited from their works, it becomes obvious why the science of fiqh was chosen in this study to demonstrate the relationship between the two. The following points can be made to explain why the influence of Mā warāʾ al-Nahr scholars on Ottoman scholars within the framework of fiqh will be discussed through Kafawī's work. In his work, Katā’ib, he included specifically the biographies of Ḥanafī scholars. Indeed, based on these data recorded by Kafawī, it will be possible to draw a lineage of the Hanafī fiqh tradition. Kafawī's work not only provides biographical and bibliographical information about a faqih's teachers, students, and works, but it also records the faqih's scholarly lineage back to Abū Ḥanīfa, his remarkable opinions, and the important events in which he participated, providing material for detailed analysis of the scholarly mentality. In this respect, Kafawī and his work would be an appropriate choice for analyzing the influence of the scholars of Mā warāʾ al-Nahr on the Ottoman scholars within the framework of the science of fiqh. Based on this research, it can be said that scientific activity in Mā warāʾ al-Nahr was very effective in developing the doctrine and literature of Hanafism. Moreover, the most important source from which Ottoman scholars obtained Hanafi fiqh was the Mā warāʾ al-Nahr scholars. It was through Mā warāʾ al-Nahr scholars and literature that this transmission took place. In the Ottoman madrasahs, the works of Mā warāʾ al-Nahr scholars in the field of fiqh were mainly read and many studies were written on these works. Finally, it can easily be argued that the main source of fiqh tradition in the Ottoman Empire is the works and understanding of fiqh of Hanafi scholars originating from Mā warāʾ al-Nahr.

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