Cumhuriyetin Kuruluşunun Yüzüncü Yılında Türkiye Bankacılık Sistemi
The Banking System of Turkey in the Century of the Foundation of the Republic

Summary/Abstract: There is a relationship between the banking system, economic structures of the countries, and the policies implemented. The changes that occur in the economic structures of countries and the economic policies they follow affect the functions and ownership structures of banks. Banks are institutions established for profit and are a sector that the government mostly regulates. The aim of this study is to examine the developments in the Turkish banking system and the regulations regarding the banking system during the one-hundred-year period from the foundation of the republic to the present. In this direction, developments in the Turkish banking system are grouped by their respective periods; Banking in the Ottoman Empire and banking from the foundation of the republic to the liberalization period (1923-1980), liberalization and opening up period in banking (1980-2001), restructuring period in the banking sector (2002- 2007), and developments after the restructuring (2008-2021). The banking system in the 1923-1980 period, from the foundation of the republic to the liberalization period, was analyzed by dividing it into four periods: the establishment period of the republic, the statism period, the end of statism, the liberal period, and the planned period. By restructuring the banking sector in the period of 2008-2021, the changes in the number of branches, personnel and capital structure of banks, capital adequacy and risk indicators in terms of financial intermediation function, loans, deposits, total assets and asset quality, income-expenditure structure, profitability, concentration sizes were evaluated.

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