Niemieckie wojska lądowe na froncie wschodnim w listopadzie 1918 r.
German land forces on the Eastern Front in November 1918

Summary/Abstract: During the Great War, the German and Austro-Hungarian Armies defeated the Russian forces and the Tsar’s empire collapsed. The Bolsheviks’ regime was not eager to sign a peace treaty on the Middle Power’s conditions. This denial started an offensive, which led Germans and Austro-Hungarians deep into the Russian territory. Their forces, however, were of poor quality, and they were only intended to provide cover for the transport of supplies into their countries as all battleworthy units and soldiers had already been on the Western Front. The Revolution in Germany and the Armistice on the Western Front caused great chaos among the soldiers of the Ober-Ost. Their primary concern was to go home as soon as possible. The German Army on the Eastern Front was in disarray, which gave rise to the formation of soldiers’ councils, intensifying the chaos even more. Things started to improve as late as in January 1919.

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