Някои аспекти от икономическото развитие на Българската държава през XIV век
Some Aspects Of The Economic Development Of The Bulgarian State In The 14th Century

Summary/Abstract: Regardless of which time period we are talking about or in whatever geographical point we focus on, the economy is a vital part of the development of a country. Main structure-determining factors being, on one hand, natural conditions, resources and demographical processes, and on the other hand; the role of the country, the organization of workable lands and trading relations in domestic and foreign trade. With the present research, it aims to explain the occurrence of the domestic and foreign policy changes in the country during the 14th century, directly or indirectly, linked to the economic development. This publication presents the problem with the separatist tendencies, so called immunity rights, the liveliness in the market and the consequences of the plague and ottoman invaders. The provision of specific rights, may it be property, or free trading, on one hand, it shows the participation of the Bulgarian lands in the growing trading activity, but on the other, a question lies upon the real benefit of the country’s treasury from this kind of activity. Giving privileges in favor of individuals or legal entities has its contradictory effect. They were able to create major agricultural units with wider economical capabilities. An adequate example would be the monastery agricultural units. The downfall of it though is that the treasury would lose some of its income. Even though we are talking about waste of resources, the treasury had multiple decent income coming into it. A source for income would be the taxes, which were linked with the developing foreign trade. The interest in the trade is not the only factor determining the economics in the country during that time period. The consequences from the separatism and the weakened central government lead to fewer territorial range of the country, and its end result ended up being decentralization of the economic. Additional to those factors we should include the plague during 1347 year, which lead to demographical doubts, and presumably depopulation of certain areas. Along with the plague, the rapid ottoman conquests, were negative factors as well that influenced the agricultural and political history of the Bulgarian lands.

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