Yakuza czy hangure? Przyszłość przestępczości zorganizowanej w Japonii
Yakuza or hangure? The future of organized crime in Japan

Summary/Abstract: Despite the numerous threats of natural disasters, it was organized crime that raised the most concerns about the stability and functioning of the Japanese state and the security of its citizens. An indigenous variety of organized crime, the yakuza, developed in Japan. As a result of the process of fighting the yakuza groups, they were significantly reduced in number and deprived of their sources of income. However, effective measures against the yakuza had the side effect of giving rise to new organized crime groups, much more dangerous to public order, known as hangure, which began to take a place of the liquidated yakuza. The article attempts to answer the question: will the yakuza completely disappear from public space and its place be taken by hangure groups, and what impact will this have on the level of internal security in Japan.

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