KOMÜNİZM SONRASI ROMANYA’DA ANAYASA YAPIM SÜRECİ VE REJİM DEĞİŞİMİ
THE CONSTITUTION MAKING PROCESS AND REGIME CHANGE IN POST-COMMUNIST ROMANIA

Summary/Abstract: Romania, which is a member state of the European Union (EU) today, had experienced several regime transitions in history from a subordinate principality to an independent monarchy and later to a half-century-old totalitarian regime. Romania, which entered the process of restructuring and democratization after the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, did not experience some difficulties caused by the stage of becoming an independent nation-state experienced by some other bloc countries, but on the other hand, there were structural problems in the reform process. Most of the reforms in Romania were made within the framework of EU harmonization and accession, and the EU had an accelerating effect on the constitution-making process. The 1991 Constitution, which was subject to a comprehensive amendment only in 2003, became the legal basis for the transition from an ultra-centralized bureaucratic structure to a free market economy and a pluralistic democratic system. In the transition from a state-controlled centralized economy to a free market economy, it had to bear great costs such as high inflation, high unemployment rates, and declining real incomes. It is observed that the political and economic situation of Romania lags behind the EU member Eastern European countries. In this study, the post-communist reconstruction process of Romania is discussed, and the 1991 Constitution, government model, and legal system are evaluated as an example of “post-authoritarian” constitutionalism. The study aims to analyze Romania’s transition to a democratic regime and its government system in the context of the constitutional and political crises.

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