U źródeł zniekształceń i wypaczeń obrazu Boga i religii
At the source of distortions and deformations of the image of God and religion

Summary/Abstract: The article – in accordance with its title and the prescribed plan – attempts to reach the sources of distortions and deformations of the image of God and religion. The course of action led from events that were closer to us in time to events that were more and more distant, starting from the philosophy of the Enlightenment, through the philosophical achievements of Descartes and Francis Suarez, to trends that gained recognition and support at the end of the Middle Ages, especially neoplatonism and nominalism. It is in them that we should look for the beginnings of presenting God in an incomplete and deficient manner. In the article, when characterizing God, the data of the Christian religion and the achievements of European philosophy were taken into account, as suggested by Pope John Paul II in the encyclical Fides et ratio. In this mutual interaction of fides et ratio, a lack of full synthesis is noted. Sometimes faith was emphasized, other times philosophy, but with the omission of metaphysics in the sense given by St. Thomas Aquinas, that is realistic philosophy, esse philosophy. The subjective philosophy definitely prevailed, not only in the Post- Cartesian period, but also much earlier. As a result, the presented image of God was characterized by a high degree of reductionism and aspectivity, which in turn had a negative impact on the shaping and perception of religion. The papal program of uniting fides et ratio remains a challenge and it seems that it will not become obsolete.

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