W cieniu historii – Polska, Niemcy i rosyjska wojna przeciwko Ukrainie
In the shadow of history – Poland, Germany and the Russian war against Ukraine

Summary/Abstract: The main objective is to analyze the place and role played by history in the operations of Poland and Germany in the field of Eastern policy, with particular emphasis on the context surrounding the Russian war against Ukraine and how it developed in the first months of this conflict. In order to demonstrate the relationship between history’s influence on the present public discourse and Eastern and European policy of Poland and Germany, the article focuses on selected aspects of these countries’ Eastern policy, both historically and currently. The study also shows the connection between history and politics, particularly as it relates to the Russian Federation’s use of the so-called historical tools in hybrid tactics aimed at Poland, Germany, Ukraine and other democratic European countries. The text employs both the historical method and the comparative method. Additionally, discourse analysis was used in order to examine selected utterances of politicians and other representatives of public life in Poland and Germany, regarding history and Eastern policy. Selected elements of the analysis of the decision-making process related to the issues of the politics of memory, Eastern policy as well as European policy were also used.

• Details
• Contents