PREKOGRANIČNA SLOBODA KRETANJA OSOBA – ŠENGENSKI SPORAZUM
CROSS-BORDER FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT OF PERSONS – SCHENGEN AGREEMENT

Summary/Abstract: Freedom of movement of man is classified in democratic societies as fundamental human rights guaranteed by the Constitution of a particular state, which can be restricted only exceptionally when it is prescribed by law. The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia in Article 32, paragraph 1 stipulates: "Everyone who is legally present on the territory of the Republic of Croatia has the right to move freely and choose his residence". In the nature of the matter, deviations from freedom of movement within the borders of the home country are closely related to criminal proceedings and the performance of police tasks by applying police powers, on which occasion freedom of movement can be temporarily restricted. In a broader sense, we look at the freedom of movement of persons transnationally and refers to the right to employment in another country, and together with the freedom of movement of goods, services, and capital, is the fundamental in the creation of supranational economic integration. In our region, the freedom of movement of people was improved by economic integration processes that began in 1951 with the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community .... European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). In 1957, members of the ECSC established the European Economic Community in Rome. European Economic Community (EEC) to establish a common market and coordinate economic policies. At the same time, the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC) is being established. In 1965, the communities described in Brussels signed the Merger Treaty by which they integrate executive bodies and professional services. They are collectively referred to as the European Community (EC). Economic integration in European territory has traced integration processes in other territories. In 1992, the Maastricht Treaty transformed the EC into the European Union. The European Union (EU) is an intergovernmental supranational organization of member states. The economic potential of the European Union has increased significantly, resulting from the share of world trade, which is (1993) 49%. The greatest contribution to the supranational freedom of movement of persons, goods, services, and capital can be marked by the signing of the Schengen Agreement on June 14, 1985. On 1 January this year, the Republic of Croatia became a member of the Schengen area, which is colloquially called "Europe without borders". Therefore, the largest part of the Croatian state border, especially the land border, has become the external border of the European Union. In addition to the benefits for the state and the economy, and especially the tourism sector, which allows entry into Schengen, before the relevant institutions, primarily the Croatian border police, there is a great responsibility for efficient supervision (securing) and control of crossing the external border of the European Union.

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