АНАЛІЗ МЕТРОЛОГІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ МОНЕТ ГАЛИЦЬКОЇ РУСИ XIV СТ. НА БАЗІ СКАРБОВИХ ЗНАХІДОК
THE METROLOGICAL DATA ANALYSIS OF THE GALICIAN RUS' COINS OF XIV CENTURY BASED ON THE TREASURES

Summary/Abstract: Because of the absence of a written sources on the metrology of Galician Rus‘ coins minted in Lviv in the 14th–15th centuries, the only possible method to study its metrology remains the analysis of the weight and fineness of the coins. And as larger coin data base will be available for analysis as more correct the result will be. However, the fact of the origin of the coins included in the analysis is also important. It happened that in our first research we had an access to the coins mainly from museum or private collections (1744 coins were studied at that time). Coins for these collections have been accumulated for years, without being tied to specific treasures. At the same time, even if the coins came from finds, collectors chose for their collections the rarest cancellations or dies in the best condition. Such specimens had, accordingly, more weight. At that time, the author did not manage to explore any treasure. As further studies have shown, the obtained results of the average weight of these coins were overestimated. The silver fineness of the Galician coins did not depend on their condition (worn, trimmed), so we had determined the fineness correctly. Since 2007, information has appeared about new finds of coins - now more than 8,000 of them are known, including those in treasures in their entirety. It became possible to determine the metrology of coins on the basis of treasure material, which, of course, is more logical. But at the same time, it should be borne in mind that even hoard finds will correctly reflect the metrology of coins mostly from the latest, youngest coin in the hoard. Instead, coins of the previous issues could be diluted from the heaviest specimens. Unfortunately, it was not possible to notice the treasures, which would exclusively contain the coins of Casimir III the Great, or those where the youngest coin would be minted by Vladislav of Opole. Let's look at the published hoards, where the coins of Louis the Hungarian are the youngest, and where the weight of all his coins from the find is given. We know 5 such treasures: from Myliatyn, Lviv region (20 coins), village Suprunivtsi, Khmelnytskyi region (94 coins), Smotrych of Khmelnytskyi region (383 coins), Monastyrok of the Vinnytsia region (35 coins) and from Moshuriv, Cherkasy region (47 coins). The calculation of the average arithmetic and average modal weight of silver Galician Rus' groszes of Louis the Hungarian from these treasures is 1.06 g, while the data obtained by the author in a previous study based on museum and private collections was higher at 1.08–1.09 g. The difference was 0.02–0.03 g. As we expected, the real weight of coins from this finds is less than the weight of selected coins from collections. A similar result will be obtained from the study of three treasures, where the youngest are silver Galician grosz of Władysław II Jagiełło: from Yaktoriv, Lviv region (66 coins), Shenderiv of Vinnytsia region (196 coins) and from Monastyrok of the Vinnytsia region (28 coins). The obtained results (0.93–0.94 g) are 0.01–0.03 g lower than those calculated in 2007 (0.94–0.97 g) Summarizing this small experience of treasure analysis, the importance should be noted: - taking into account the full composition of findings; - time frames of specific coin issues; - a continuous process of "catching" heavier copies from circulation.

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