Ehl-i Sünnet Perspektifinden İnanç Konularının Kesinlik Yönünden Tasnifinin İmkânı
The Possibility of Classifying the Subjects of Aqīdah with regard to Certainty from the Perspective of Ahl al-Sunnah

Summary/Abstract: Such questions that may it be essential, necessary, recommended, or free to believe in some matters will be addressed in the article. It is concluded that such an approach is possible for Māturīdis and Ash'arīs. In the study, it was thought that the following two problems should be solved first. The first problem is how can a definitive confirmation be made with speculative information (zannī). Second, if it is a contradiction that the ulema of the relevant school construct the subject of belief with an āḥād report (khabar) even though they explain the true report as mutawātir in the works of Kalām? In the article, three different solutions are proposed for the first problem, and the second problem is tried to be solved with the proposition that tawātur is compulsory for the universal or essential subjects of theology. Then, by giving two examples for each decree (hukm), it was tried to determine what this idea means in practice. It has been determined that the main controversial issues between the Ahl al-sunnah and the Mu'tazila arise in the category of wājib to be believed. It has been determined that the scholars of the aforementioned sects fall into dispute among themselves in matters presented as sunnah to be believed. As a result, in terms of the principles set forth by the Ahl al-Sunnah, it has been deemed possible to implement ʾafʿālu al-mukallafīn (deeds of those obligated) to theological issues. In our literature review, we did not come across a study solely focused on this subject before. In the introduction, information is given about the concepts of qatʿiyyatu al-thubūt – zanniyyatu althubūt (definitive-speculative confirmation), qatʿiyyatu al-dalālah- zanniyyatu al-dalālah (definitive-speculative implication), which are closely related to the subject. Then, theoretical information about the possibility of using such a classification in ʿaqīdah (Islamic creed) matters is presented. It can be mentioned that the concepts of faith and confirmation are important in this regard. It is expressed most of the Kalām scholars that belief is a confirmation without a doubt. In this context, the idea of forming a belief with speculative evidence emerges as a problem. In order to get out of the contradiction, three different explanations have been introduced. First, there is no obligatory relationship between confirmation and evidence. Therefore, a certain belief can be constructed with speculative information. Second, elements of belief based on speculative evidence are metaphorically called faith. In this context, only matters that are fard to be believed should be evaluated under the concept of faith in the real sense. Third, confirmation may contain hesitation. In this case, since the matters that are essential to believe are based on definite premises, a confirmation will undoubtedly be expected.

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