OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDE MODERN HAPİSHANE SÜRECİNE GEÇİŞTE GEREDE HAPİSHANESİ
GEREDE PRISON IN THE TRANSITION TO THE MODERN PRISON PROCESS IN THE OTTOMAN STATE

Summary/Abstract: While the emergence of the modern prison system in Europe dates back to the 16th century, this was only possible in the middle of the 19th century in the Ottoman Empire. In many societies, punishment was initially given physically, but over time these punishments turned into prison sentences. However, punishments differed according to the cultural structure of the societies and the level of development. In the first Turkish states, while punishments were given to the body at the beginning, prison sentences started to be applied over time. It is seen that the first modern prisons appeared first in Europe and then in America. Similarly, in the Ottoman Empire until the middle of the 19th century, the punishments given for criminals were corporal, but with the Tanzimat they turned into prison sentences restricting freedom. When a general evaluation of the Ottoman prisons is made, many physical deficiencies stand out. In fact, it is possible to see the reflection of the problems experienced by the empire in the last period, in the prisons as well as in the institutions in general. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century was a period when the Ottoman Empire had to deal with many wars. In addition to all these negative factors, economic problems and epidemics have also negatively affected the state and society. It is seen that the prison populations have increased with the increase in the incidents of disorder. With amnesty laws enacted from time to time, physical deficiencies were tried to be eliminated by reducing the prisoner population in prisons. Despite all this, the second half of the 19th century draws attention as a period in which significant changes were made in criminal law. In this study, a general evaluation of the Ottoman prisons was made and the situation of the men's and women's prisons in the Gerede district was examined.

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