Война и мир во взглядах польской национал-демократической интеллигенции (на примере З. Балицкого и Р. Дмовского)
War and peace in the views of the Polish National Democratic intelligentsia (on the example of Z. Balitsky and R. Dmovsky)

Summary/Abstract: In the formation of the Polish national ideology and the creation of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the beginning of the twentieth century, an important role was played by the Polish national democratic movement, which was formed in the circles of the nationally oriented intelligentsia of the Kingdom of Poland and Galicia. The study of the works of its representatives traditionally attracts the attention of specialists. Of particular interest are the works of the leaders of the National League created in 1893, R. Dmovsky, Z. Balitsky and Ya. Poplavsky. This work continues research in this direction. Its purpose is to study the views of Z. Balitsky and R. Dmovsky on the problem of war and peace. The source base of the article was the works of these authors: “National egoism and Ethics” by Z. Balitsky and “Thoughts of a modern Pole” by R. Dmovsky. The comparative historical method is used in the work. The study of the sources led to the following conclusions. The ideologists of the Polish National Democrats proceeded from naturalistic and Darwinian premises, believing that the state of war is generally natural for people. Common to them was the denial of pacifism and the assertion that the nation should fight for its interests. At the same time, the views of R. Dmovsky and Z. Balitsky differed. Z. Balitsky believed in the existence of natural borders between peoples and the possibility of achieving some kind of permanent peace. He admitted that in the future all nations would abandon mutual conflicts, stop expanding within their natural borders and the United States of Europe would be formed. R. Dmovsky agreed with the idea of the people fighting for their interests, but denied the possibility of permanent peace based on mutual respect and compliance with treaties. From his point of view, the existence of peoples is an eternal struggle for survival, space and resources, so constant wars for domination are inevitable.

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