Руски ядрени доктрини, ядрени сили, модернизация
Russian Nuclear Doctrines, Nuclear Forces, and Modernization

Summary/Abstract: Russia's nuclear forces modernization programs have heightened the growing challenges Russia poses to the United States and its allies. Russia is seeking nuclear blackmail to force the US and NATO to limit their support for Ukraine. Russia continues to view nuclear weapons exclusively as a deterrent, and its nuclear deterrence policy is defensive in nature. Russia accepts the "escalation for de-escalation" strategy, but it itself wrongly assesses that the first use of nuclear weapons will serve to "de-escalate" a conflict with favorable conditions for it.

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