Kształtowanie się zasad odpowiedzialności sprawcy czynu zabronionego w kontekście art. 30 Kodeksu karnego
Evolution of the principles of criminal liability of the offender in the context of Article 30 of the Criminal Code

Summary/Abstract: The transformation of the content of legal provisions of subsequent Polish penal codifications, concerning error iuris indicates a clear tendency to mitigate the principles of liability of the perpetrator of an offence, who is ignorant of its unlawfulness. This circumstance reveals that the term “justified error” contained in Article 30 of the Criminal Code does not substantially coincide with the phrase “error which the perpetrator could not avoid”. Currently, the basis for exculpation of the perpetrator and exoneration from liability may be a variety of circumstances relating not only to the characteristics of the person under the influence of the error, but also the overall conditions under which they committed the offence, even if from the perspective of an abstractly formed “model citizen”, the legal error could have been avoided. The study indicates historical conditions, the process of evolution of error iuris, as well as an attempt to systematize the catalog of circumstances justifying ignorance of unlawfulness.

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