How Active are the Social Actors? Deficient Citizenship versus Day-to-Day Resourcefulness in Poland
How Active are the Social Actors? Deficient Citizenship versus Day-to-Day Resourcefulness in Poland

Summary/Abstract: This article is about the Poles’ specific, day-to-day resourcefulness. Seven spheres of this type of resourcefulness are distinguished (e.g., work, informal economy, corruption, coping with poverty, career). The author indicates nine major reasons why this phenomenon has developed. He confronts the multifarious activity in the sphere of day-to-day resourcefulness with the underdeveloped citizenship, which is limited to certain enclaves and involves only about 5–10% of the nation. He analyses the reasons for this deficit of citizenship in contemporary Poland, paying special attention to the blocks to civic activity and to the chances of change for the better.

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