Current and emerging therapies for treatment-resistant depression
Current and emerging therapies for treatment-resistant depression

Summary/Abstract: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a complex and debilitating condition that affects a significant proportion of patients with major depressive disorder. Despite multiple interventions, including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy, many patients with TRD fail to achieve remission. This leads to a high degree of suffering and functional impairment, as well as an increased risk of suicide. Various treatment options have been explored to address TRD, including augmentation strategies, switching to different antidepressants, and the use of newer agents such as ketamine and esketamine. Other options include neuromodulation techniques, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation. Despite the availability of these treatments, there is no clear consensus on the optimal approach to managing TRD. The heterogeneity of the condition and the lack of reliable biomarkers make it difficult to identify which patients are likely to benefit from specific treatments. Additionally, the cost and potential side effects of some treatments may limit their availability and acceptance by patients. Therefore, ongoing research is essential to identify effective and safe treatment options for patients with TRD. Clinicians need to take a personalized approach to treatment, considering the patient's medical history, comorbidities, and treatment preferences. Collaborative decision-making between patients and providers is essential to optimize outcomes and improve the quality of life for those suffering from this challenging condition.

• Details
• Contents