THE WAYS OF ORGANIZING THE MOST IMPORTANT TYPES OF STATE AUTHORITY
THE WAYS OF ORGANIZING THE MOST IMPORTANT TYPES OF STATE AUTHORITY

Summary/Abstract: The state, in general, is an organization that governs certain territory and human resources in that area. It is usually characterized by authority, the right to make laws and a monopoly on the use of force within its borders. The state has its own legislative, executive and judicial bodies, which mutually function to maintain order and peace in the state territory and provide services to its citizens. The basic functions of the state include governing the territory, regulating social relations, creating laws, ensuring public safety, regulating economic activity, education, health care, managing foreign relations and protecting human rights. A state performs these functions through the exercise of the most important types of state power, namely legislative, executive and judicial power. The legislative power means the authorities that pass laws and other legal acts, which relate to the functioning of the state and the life of citizens, while the basic function of the executive power is to manage the state apparatus, fulfill the laws and decisions made by the legislative power and manage various aspects of state administration. The judiciary exists as a kind of guarantee of respect for laws and their application in an equal way to all citizens, regardless of their position in society. The traditional understanding of the organization of state power is based on two opposing systems, namely the system of division of power and the system of unity of power. The system of division of power originates from the idea that different powers should be exercised by different bodies independent of each other. There are three models that include a presidential system, a parliamentary system and a mixed system of government organization. These systems imply the existence of the three most important state authorities, which cooperate to a greater or lesser extent and limit each other in order to prevent abuse of power by some of them. Contrary to the system of division of power, it is possible to organize the most important state authorities on the system of unity of power, which is characterized by the existence of one, central body that has significantly greater powers compared to other authorities. This system is largely abandoned today.

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