Toplum, Bilim ve Kozmos İlişkisi: Organik Doğa Anlayışından Mekanik Doğa Anlayışına
The Relationship between Society, Science and the Cosmos: From Organic Nature to Mechanical Nature

Summary/Abstract: The change of the idea of nature (cosmos) in the sense attributed to knowledge resulted in a change from organic nature understanding to mechanical nature understanding. Until the 17th century, humanity aimed to understand the order of nature and live in harmony with it. Science carried out for this purpose; He acted with the principles of wisdom and virtue in order to understand the precious nature. For those times, science was a work on "discovering the secret of the natural order". This made the attitude of the scientists of the period an environmental (ecological) attitude. In the study, three main parameters were emphasized in the emergence of the understanding of mechanical nature. The first of these is humanism, which is one of the main elements on which modernity is based. This idea developed the understanding of putting man instead of god at the center of the universe, and man, who is the determinant of everything, had the right to unlimited use of nature. The relationship between society and the cosmos has changed, with human being placed in the center within the framework of the modern worldview and developing an understanding that can control nature. With the phrase "knowledge is power", quoting Bacon, having this power was seen as having the power to solve all the secrets of nature and to bring it under human domination. The effect of positivism and capitalism in the change of knowledge and understanding of nature about nature has also been the other parameters discussed within the framework of the study. In this context, the semantic change that knowledge has undergone has also abolished an organic understanding of science, and science has turned to the aim of acquiring knowledge that can solve the secrets of nature and dominate it with the power gained by human beings. With this change, the society acted very bravely at the point of exploitation of natural resources. But man's relationship with nature brought his own disaster at the last point.

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