İmmateryalizm ve Algı Perdesi Sorunu Bağlamında Tanrı, Ruh ve Eşyanın Tabiatı Üzerine Bir İnceleme
An Investigation on God, Spirit and the Nature of Things in the Context of Immaterialism and the Veil of Perception Problem

Summary/Abstract: The nature of things means the nature of objects, or the nature of the world in general. Everyone in this world finds himself in the middle of things; in fact, he is one of them in terms of his body. Since the existence of humanity, the nature of things has occupied the minds. The first philosophers discussed the nature of things through the concept of substance, and they conceived it as a material thing. Although there were philosophers in the following periods who implied that the nature of things was not material, Berkeley was the first philosopher to express this openly, not implicitly. Berkeley argues that there is no matter, it is just an unfounded belief. What allowed him to do this was the veil of perception problem. Based on the problem, there are some arguments put forward by Descartes. Berkeley established his system, using these arguments as a springboard for himself (through Locke's philosophy). Berkeley considers the mind, just as Descartes thought, that is, something that does not have space but thinks, perceives, knows. Descartes claimed that it would be wrong to try to explain the existence of the mind with the existence of matter. Berkeley agrees with him on this. But Berkeley goes further and argues that the existence of matter can be reduced entirely to the existence of mind. Thus, he reveals a whole new attitude towards the nature of things. In the first part of this study, we will examine Berkeley's immaterialist philosophy, and the veil of perception problem. In the second part, we will examine the relationship between the nature of things and God and soul, and we will also dwell on Descartes' concept of res cogitans for this purpose. Thus, we will try to answer the question "What is the nature of things?" from Berkeley's perspective and to shed light on the nature of things and the relationship between it and god and soul.

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