Bir Araştırma Programı Olarak Felsefe Günümüze Ne Söyler?
What Does Philosophy as a Research Program Say to the Today?

Summary/Abstract: It is known that the theory of science takes the natural sciences as its subject, and even constructs its own special field of study according to the natural sciences. However, the debates on the nature and method of social sciences in the nineteenth century, and the philosophical orientations in the twentieth century, have reopened the “base problem of science” for discussion. Philosophy had to be involved in the process due to the changes and shocks that have emerged in the natural and social sciences. Because the ground on which science is based and what it has obtained as a result of deep research processes did not reveal a situation that could build or legitimize its own foundation. No ground was found to support the claim that science is "the only reliable method of arriving at the truth about the nature of things." At this point, a new epistemological (i.e. philosophical) orientation was needed. In addition, philosophy's handling of the sciences in a new way, examining and analyzing the presuppositions of science more carefully than ever before, has created a new common ground between philosophy and science. Despite this ground, there have also been approaches suggesting that this gap can be filled without philosophy. For example, "neopositivism" or "logical empiricism", which emerged with the work of the Vienna Circle in the 1930s, voiced its claim to be an alternative to classical epistemology and displayed an anti-philosophical attitude. However, in the last analysis, these attempts could not meet the need for philosophy in the field of science. Today, it is necessary to abandon the idea that philosophy can develop a "final terminology" that transcends all other terminologies, and to realize that it is a research program that accompanies all fields of human research with a critical approach and analyzes the nature of these fields. Philosophy is the search for questioning and giving consistent answers within its own systematic. This point shows that philosophy is a field from where and how we can obtain probabilities, not exact information. Philosophy, which expounds our experiences in their own reality, can be considered an activity that “constructs” our experiences by reporting current situations of life. This paper aims to reveal what philosophy can say today as a human research program.

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