Alman Gümrük Birliği (Zollverein) ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’yla İlişkileri
German Customs Union (Zollverein) and its Relations with the Ottoman Empire

Summary/Abstract: The idea of creating a free trade zone in German geography gained great momentum in the early 19th century with economists such as Friedrich List, who was the most active advocate of this idea. Prussia opened up the idea of free trade to neighbouring states with its tariff that abolished all internal customs duties in 1818. Ten years later, while the first agreement was signed between Prussia and Hessen-Darmstadt, another customs union was also established between Bavaria and Württemberg in the same year. Besides both customs unions, established a trade union called Mitteldeutscher Handelsverein under the leadership of Hannover in the same year. By 1834, the states included in these customs and trade unions began to gather around a customs union under the leadership of Prussia. The name of the new union established is the German Customs Union, called Zollverein. Seventeen years after the establishment of the German Empire, this union has become to cover the entire German geography with the inclusion of Hamburg and Bremen. Zollverein also signed a trade agreement with the Ottoman Empire on October 22, 1840, during the commercial agreements that started with the 1838 Balta Limanı Trade Agreement. After this agreement, another agreement was signed in 1862. The scope of this agreement was extended in 1890. This study aims to contribute to the field by mentioning the relations with the surrounding countries, especially the Ottoman Empire, as well as the events in German geography during and after the establishment of Zollverein, where there is no independent literature in Turkish literature.

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