Mustafa Kemal Paşa ve Milli Mücadele Liderleri Ekseninde Halifeliğin Kaldırılması Tartışmaları
Debates on the Abolition of the Caliphate on the Axis of Mustafa Kemal Pasha and the Leaders of the National Struggle

Summary/Abstract: The caliphate turned into a sultanate after four caliphs and gained a political identity. The caliphate finally passed to the Ottoman Empire after the Egyptian campaign of Yavuz Sultan Selim in 1517. On November 1, 1922, the sultanate was abolished and a year later, on October 29, 1923, the Republic was proclaimed. On March 3, 1924, Turkey abolished the institution of the caliphate, which had been going on for 14 centuries. The abolition of the caliphate is one of the most important events in recent history. Although the debates between the leading Pashas of the National Struggle and Sir Rauf and Mustafa Kemal Pasha have been comprehensively handled, when the studies on the abolition of the caliphate are examined, it has been seen that the developments that took place between them remained superficial and were not adequately addressed. For this reason, the aim of the study is to comprehensively address, identify and describe the events that took place at that time. Mainly, the discussions about Kazım Karabekir Pasha, Refet (Bele) Pasha, Ali Fuat (Cebesoy) Pashas and Sir Rauf (Orbay) efforts to unite around the caliph after the abolition of the sultanate were examined. The evaluations about the reactions of the pashas and Sir Rauf towards the abolition of the caliphate were emphasized. In this study, the historical research method was applied in general. Archival documents, memoirs, newspapers of the period and various copyright-reviewed works were used in the study.

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