ORIENTAREA SOCIOLOGICĂ ÎN CRIMINOLOGIE
SOCIOLOGICAL ORIENTATION IN CRIMINOLOGY

Summary/Abstract: Sociological theories focus attention on how adverse social circumstances can influence an individual's actions. Initially relevant were the precursor theories that emerged from the second half of the 19th century onwards, which referred to the social dimension of the criminal phenomenon and attempted to provide answers to the questions generated by the wave of reform initiated a century earlier in criminology by the classical school promoted by Cesare Beccaria. These include the cartographic school, the social environment school, the statistical-mathematical school and the socialist school. In a second phase, sociological theories were formulated to explain crime, highlighting certain causes, factors and circumstances which generated and encouraged crime and which were also related to the lifestyle, personality and social background of the individual offender, as well as the occasions which encouraged crime. These include theories that highlight the relationship between crime and some macro-social processes and phenomena, theories that highlight the link between culture and crime and theories that highlight the 'social reaction' to crime.

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