Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne w warunkach gwałtownego wzrostu cen i kryzysu klimatycznego
Energy security in the times of a steep rise of prices and the climate crisis

Summary/Abstract: In 2021, the global energy market experienced a recovery after a year of pandemic-related and economic slowdown. This meant an increase in energy demand, including imported oil and gas. The increase in import needs, together with various constrains on the supply side, were major factors affecting rapid increase in hydrocarbon prices. The article provides an analysis of the contemporary trends of global and European energy security landscape. It follows global oil and gas market trends, changes in climate policy and the geopolitical motivations of Russia with regard to the gas market in Europe. In the fi rst section, the article focuses on the trends in the oil and gas market, including economic, political and environmental factors behind the observed increase in oil and gas prices. It analyzes how the new price trend and producer countries’ ( OPEC+) policy raised old concerns about energy security and, more broadly, resource security, especially in terms of the economic availability of raw materials and the growing costs of their purchase for the economies of importing countries. It the second section, the results of COP26 in Glasgow are presented and analysed, and climate policy is considered as one of key factors impacting energy security and market trends. In the third section, a perspective for the European market is presented. It is argued that the over500% increase in European gas prices, which were breaking new historical records, was not only the result of global trends and the supply-side constraints, but also of Russian supplier manipulations and the domination of Russia in the European structure of supplies. Russian actions are presented as an element of its hybrid war.

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