Заселване на унгарците и създаване на уседнало общество
The Settling of the Hungarians and the Establishment of a Settled Society

Summary/Abstract: The conquest of the Carpathian basin by the Hungarian tribes fits into the series of events that took place at the end of the 9th century in the western parts of Asia and in Eastern Europe. The Hungarians intervened in the war between Bulgaria and Byzantium on the side of the latter while the Bulgarians formed an alliance against the Hungarians with the Pechenegs who were pushed towards the west by other nations. The Hungarian victories were finally followed by a defeat from the Bulgarian-Pecheneg alliance and in 895 they left their previous territories and moved into the Carpathian basin. The order of the settlement may be concluded from historical analogues on the one hand and from some of the Hungarian place names in the basin. According to this theory the Hungarian tribal leaders created nomadic routes near the rivers: the winter shelters were near the mouth of the river whence they moved upstream to their summer abode in spring returning in autumn. These permanent settlements were named after their owners. The common people, however, stayed at the same place all year round. The cemeteries reflect the difference of the society. The tribal leaders were buried alone far from the others well-equipped with jewellery and other articles. The small family cemeteries are characteristic of the middle layer of the society. They were usually buried with their armour and other less valuable objects. The common people were buried in cemeteries of several hundred graves. There are no weapons and the objects next to them are rather poor.

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