Efficiency and Factors for Agricultural Use of Sludge in Circular Bulgarian Economy
Efficiency and Factors for Agricultural Use of Sludge in Circular Bulgarian Economy

Summary/Abstract: Despite their relevance, in-depth studies of diverse effects and factors of sludge utilization in Bulgarian agriculture are at an early stage. This paper presents results of a large-scale study aimed at determining socio-economic effects of sludge utilization in Bulgarian agriculture. First, an approach is presented to assess the multilateral effects, efficiencies and factors of sludge utilization in agriculture. Then various factors stimulating and limiting the utilization of sludge in Bulgarian farms are identified. Results of a case study of a holding using sludge as fertilizer are then presented. Based on a qualitative analysis of regulations and institutional structure, and surveys with managers and experts of urban wastewater treatment plants, and farmers using and not-using sludge, the institutional, political, organizational, personal, educational, informational, social, economic, and environmental factors influencing agricultural sludge utilization in two regions (Sofia and Burgas) are identified. Impact factors are generally divided: factors influencing the behavior of agents, and factors determining the type and extent of the effects of sludge use in agriculture. Research is to continue and deepen to establish the economic, sectoral and regional specificities on the basis of more representative information from all participants and interested parties in effective utilization of sludge in the country.

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