Autonomous expenditure multipliers as safety buffers during the COVID-19 pandemic – a comparison between Poland and Germany
Autonomous expenditure multipliers as safety buffers during the COVID-19 pandemic – a comparison between Poland and Germany

Summary/Abstract: In recent months, many economic studies have emerged in the economic slowdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Economists have analysed a great many socio-economic phenomena,from the slowdown in GDP dynamics tochanges in consumer behaviour. There is a research gap that the research presented here aims to fill. Itfocuses on the issue of changes in fiscal, investment and export multipliers during the COVID-19 pandemic, attempting to show how the autonomous spending multipliers have changed because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The research results can provideinsight into how GDP and Gross Value Added have changed because of changes in government, private investment and export expenditure. The research reveals that the values of the multipliers of autonomous expenditure have increasedduring the pandemic. On this basis, it can be concluded the multipliers became safety buffers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in their value meant that the economic slowdown came about due to the decline in autonomous spending.

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