Specyficzne i specjalne potrzeby edukacyjne
Specific and special educational needs

Summary/Abstract: The authors identify two sets of individual and educational needs. Specific educational needs arise at points along the unique path of human development, formed by life experience and universal developmental changes. These in turn are determined by both biological factors and social influences. These needs in education are responded to by: (a) creation of conditions conducive to satisfy the needs central to a given developmental stage; (b) variation of teaching methods according to these needs; and (c) adaptation of help methods to pupil learning characteristics and any social problems. Special educational needs are characteristic for children differing from their peers as a result of deficits or excesses in somatic, mental or social activity. These deficits and excesses are variously expressed at every stage following the prenatal period. Designing appropriate help demands complete diagnosis of the development of a child, the quality of their environment and the quality of their relationship with the environment. Help should be accompanied with a clear knowledge of the motives and intervention plan. This should respect the actual social-cultural situation of a child and all future perspectives.

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