We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

Remittances and their social meaning in Tajikistan

Author(s): Natalia Zotova,Jeffrey H. Cohen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

In this paper we investigate the growth and use of social remittances in Tajikistan. Russia became the destination country of choice for labor migrants from former Soviet states following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Tajik migrants also seek new destinations including settlement in the US. International migration to Russia and the US continues to shape economic realities for Tajik communities and migrants. In this paper, we use ethnographic evidence from rural communities in Tajikistan and from Tajik migrants who are settled in major Russian cities as well as New York City, NY to address the role migration plays for families and household and the meaning of social remittances for local communities. We explore the role that remittances play in the changing social landscape of Tajikistan and its local communities.

More...

Download

Migration, Trade and Remittances: Low- and High-Skilled Workers

Author(s): Philip L. Martin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

International migration involves the movement of people over national borders, while international trade deals with the production of goods or services in one country and their consumption in another. Economic theory assumes that migration and trade are substitutes, so that freer trade between countries with different wage levels should reduce voluntary migration as trade leads to convergence in wages. However, free-trade agreements can produce a migration hump as the pace of change accelerates and economies adjust, as migration increases before investment creates enough jobs to generate stay-at-home development despite remittances from migrants abroad. Efforts to deal with the root causes of migration must be aware of potential migration humps.

More...

Download

Remittances and the Promise of Financial Democracy: Critical Reflections from the US-Mexico Case

Author(s): Matthew Bakker / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This article presents critical analysis of a recent "financial democracy" initiative carried out collaboratively between agencies of the Mexican and US governments. The significant governmental work that officials put into the design of a low-cost remittance transfer service, marketing that service to banks and credit unions, and encouraging migrants to use it are described and analysed. Despite all this effort, the service has not been taken up by large numbers of migrants; different explanations for these dismal results are discussed. The article concludes by emphasising the value of the type of critical remittances research presented and suggesting a new critical research agenda.

More...

Download

State Healthcare and the Impact of Remittances on Turnout in Mexico

Author(s): Ana Isabel Lopez Garcia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

In Mexico remittances have long been used to compensate for the lack of coverage and quality of state-provided healthcare. Since the mid-2000s, however, those without insurance have been entitled to receive free healthcare via the Seguro Popular programme. While popular, the delivery of this scheme is highly localised and therefore vulnerable to political manipulation. Using a series of regression models based on data at the municipality level, this paper analyses all local elections in Mexico between 2010 and 2012 and the presidential election of 2012 to confirm results of the previous literature which found a negative relationship between remittances and voter turnout. However, the analysis reveals that the negative impact of remittances on turnout becomes larger with additional increases in the coverage of Seguro Popular, though only in those municipalities where the PRI (the former hegemonic party) is electorally strong. The evidence thus confirms that the discretionary character of welfare provision modulates the effect of remittances on turnout in sending municipalities, but only where party-based authoritarianism prevails.

More...

Download

SURVEY-DATA: Do remittances differ depending on migration pathway and length of stay?

Author(s): Anite Pugliese,Neli Esipova,Julie Ray / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This paper reports the results from Gallup’s global analysis of the likelihood of first-generation migrants, second-generation migrants and the native-born to send financial help in the form of money or goods to others inside or outside their respective country of residence. The findings in this paper are based on more than 450,000 interviews conducted through Gallup’s World Poll in 157 countries in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The sample includes more than 26,000 first-generation migrants and more than 20,000 second-generation migrants. The large sample enables Gallup to analyze first-generation migrants by the duration of their stay in their adopted country and compare their remittance behaviors with second-generation migrants and the native-born.

More...

Download

Book Reviews

Author(s): Ibrahim Sirkeci / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The Remittance Landscape: Spaces of Migration in Rural Mexico and Urban USA by Sarah Lynn Lopez, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015, pp. 336, ISBN: 978-022620281-5. In this intriguing book, Lopez urges us to rethink migration, remittances and space with a focus on Mexicans. She has based her discussion on an extensive research investigating investments in buildings (or dream houses) by migrants and followed their tracks to rural Mexico. Like in many other migrant source countries, Turkey, Pakistan, Morocco, Greece and elsewhere, migrants invest in building houses in their towns and villages of origin. These houses common in both rural and urban landscapes of all migrant sending countries. Lopez examines what she calls “the remittance landscape”. In line with our work with Jeff Cohen , Lopez’s approach in a way links movers and non-movers over the space they create together. Migrant Remittances in South Asia: An Introduction edited by Md Mizanur Rahman, Tan Tai Yong, A K M Ahsan Ullah, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2014, pp. 302, ISBN: 978-1-137-35079-4. Rahman, Yong and Ullah, three competent experts in migration in South Asia aimed at offering a set of theoretical treatments of remittances and the ways in which their potential for fostering development potential comes into reality. 15 authors bring us a comprehensive account of how remittances are sent, received and used in the context of development process in South Asia.

More...

Download

INNOVATIONS AS A DETERMINANT OF COMPETITIVENESS OF SERBIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s): Bojan Krstić,Jelena Stanojević,Tanja Stanišić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Innovations, as a determinant of competitiveness, are one of the fundamental presuppositions for the economic prosperity of every country and the well-being of the population. The creators of the development policies need adequate information relating to all vital determinants of competitiveness, including innovations, in order to formulate effective policies and strategies. Therefore, the World Economic Forum (WEF) annually prepares and presents the Global Competitiveness Report. Thus, based on the information from the WEF reports, the paper explores changes in the level of competitiveness of Serbia (measured by the Global Competitiveness Index - GCI) for the period from 2009 to 2014, in comparison with other Western Balkan countries. Also, an in-depth analysis of the competitiveness of Serbia is carried out in the subindex “Innovation and sophistication factors” as a component of the GCI, considering that in 2014 this subindex for Serbia recorded the lowest value compared with other two subindexes within the GCI (“Basic Requirements” and “Efficiency Enhancers”), and also with other Western Balkan countries. Therefore, there is a need for urgent and significant improvements in the field of innovations as a relevant factor of the GCI in order to improve Serbia's position in the world’s rankings of competitiveness, but also Serbia's position in relation to the more successful countries in the Western Balkans. The goal of the analysis in this paper is to identify the position of Serbia in comparison with other Western Balkan countries in terms of overall competitiveness, and especially in the field of innovation and business sophistication factors as the determinants of the achieved level of national competitiveness. The methods used in this research are the following: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and benchmarking. The research results show that Serbia has in the aforementioned period achieved an unenviable level of competitiveness. This research can be useful for the creators of development policy for future guidance of the economic and social development of Serbia.

More...

Download

FINANCING OBSTACLES OF SMALL ENTERPRISES - EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Author(s): Slobodanka Jovin / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Small enterprises are the driving force of any economy, and the engine of economic growth in both developed countries and countries in transition. One of the problems that small enterprises and entrepreneurs face is the lack of financial resources, or difficult access to them, for starting and financing the development of their entrepreneurial venture. The aim of the paper is to analyze the financing difficulties of small enterprises and entrepreneurs in the Republic of Serbia. 167 enterprises were surveyed and their responses were grouped into three groups depending on the size of an enterprise: small enterprises and entrepreneurs, medium enterprises and large enterprises so that by comparing the obtained results we could determine the differences in attitudes depending on the size of an enterprise and prove that small enterprises have limited access to financial resources. The research investigated financing constraints, financial services and approved loan conditions in relation to the size of an enterprise. The results showed statistically significant differences between small, medium and large enterprises in the majority of the observed parameters and that small enterprises and entrepreneurs have difficult access to financial resources.

More...

Download

FEMALE MONASTICISM IN THE SOC – THE EXAMPLE OF THE LIPOVAC MONASTERY

Author(s): Dragana Zaharijevski,Danijela Gavrilović / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2016

This paper problematizes certain topics related to female monasticism in the Serbian Orthodox Church. Since the mere phenomenon of female monasticism and the practice present in this region are very rich, we were inclined to focus on specific aspects of the monastic life: the identity of nuns and the relation towards marriage and family.

More...

Download

TEKIJA AND SURROUNDING AREAS: LOVE IN RED AND BLUE

Author(s): Vesna Trifunović / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2016

In the Djerdap gorge, squeezed between the rocky mountains and the Danube, powerful and mysterious, life takes place in small villages where everyone knows every-one, and when boys and girls come of age and become men and women they follow the customs of their ancestors. They look up to the elderly, listen to their recommendations if they did not escape the fate of patriarchal social integration; or they feel free to act in a manner which they themselves choose, if the urge to fight for freedom of choice, when it comes to "matters of the heart", is strong enough to outgrow the fear of reproach and punishment of the elderly. Here, at the crossroads of worlds which are divided by a large river , Serbian, Romanian, and Vlach traditions meet, which are sufficiently similar so that many of their elements , especially when it comes to customs, intertwine and are reshaped a little and accepted unchanged as their own, making life on different banks similar . It is especially the case with the so-called male-female relationships and the expression of sexuality. Findings about, for an individual and the community to which he or she belongs to, important issues of expressing affection between girls and boys in and around Tekija and manifestation of sexuality will presented in this thesis. A conversation with DjordjeTasic from Tekija shed light on some characteristics of male-female relationships typical of the Kladovo region and east borderlands of Serbia.

More...

Download

“LET’S BEGIN LOVE ANEW”:RIGHT WING ON WOMEN, WOMEN ON RIGHT WING, CASE OF SERBIA

Author(s): Jelena Višnjić / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2016

Public disqualification of women is done through denying them the right of ownership and decide on their bodies and it is a paradigm of the conservative, nationalist discourse of the Serbian Orthodox Church, but also a crucial part of the value system of the right wing, which remains the same for different social systems. Right wing organizations and the Serbian Orthodox Church not only disapprove the emancipation of women and their equal position in society, but continually oppose these values in public and media space and actively advocate for the disrespect and violation of the rights guaranteed by the Constitution and other laws. In a secular society such as ours, the border separating state and church should be clear, so that patriarchal, traditional, conservative discourse of the church and the right wing could not even think about usurping the (symbolic) spaces of freedoms and rights we have won, nor could they produce the hate speech and discrimination against women.

More...

Download

Mâtürîdî-Hanefî Aidiyetin Osmanlı’daki İzdüşümleri

Author(s): Mehmet Kalaycı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

Māturīdism is an Ottoman identity and this identity was not limited, as is commonly believed, to the last period of the Empire. It maintained its formal existence throughout the Ottoman history. Nevertheless, the context in which the Māturīdism was located or with which it was associated changed in the course of time. In the early period when the eclectic way of thinking was dominant, Māturīdism as a creed was apparent mainly in the jurists whose ascetic identity was prominent and partly in the mystical currents that were essentially continuations of Yasawiyya. At this point, the Bukhara-centered Ḥanafī legal literature played a distinctive role. At the time of Meḥmed II and in the following period during which the philosophical kalām dominated the scene, the Māturīdism was relatively passive and was in search of a position against the Ash‘arism. The new Rāzian paradigm of thought that began to be felt strongly in the Ottoman lands with Meḥmed II as an attempt of integration into the global circulation of knowledge prevented to a certain extent the visibility of Māturīdism. However, even in this period, Māturīdism was remarkably reflected in the muqaddimāt-i arba‘a literature which was directly sponsored by Meḥmed II. The tradition of philosophical kalām in the Ottoman scholarship, just when it was about to yield significant results, was interrupted due to the struggle against the Ṣafawids. Transformation of this political tension, at the same time, into a fight against Shiism also brought about a constriction in the religious thought of the Ottomans. Shiism and its all other variants were bitterly attacked under the main heading of Rāfiḍa. Unfortunately such a refutational approach proved a boomerang and returned in time striking the Ottoman Ṣūfīs who stood near the line of the Ardabil Shrine before its Shiitization. Ḥanafī fatwā literature was used extensively in the refutation texts against Ṣafawids. This brought to the fore at first the Ḥanafite and then the Māturīdite identity. This paper attempts to analyze this changing emphasis on Māturīdism in the Ottoman period and the political and intellectual factors that supported and nourished it.

More...

Download

Türkiye’de Siyasal Toplumsallaşma ve Siyasal Katılım Ziyaret Fenomeni Örneği

Author(s): Şaban Erdiç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

This article deals with political socialization and political participation, in the context of visiting phenomenon, in Turkey. We took the Ali Baba Tomb in central Sivas and Celtek Baba Tomb in Celtek village as the sample of our study. In the study, political socialization and participation was seen as a dialectical process between individual and society. Visiting phenomenon embodying a rich historical, religious and cultural accumulation is important in that it defines the religious tendency of huge masses. As a matter of fact, they have realized their potitical socialization in a pretty much authentic culture with different interests, duties, roles and positions. At the same time, they have shown their political participation with reference to the religious world of meaning.

More...

Download

Bâtınî Ekolleri Anlamada Anahtar Bir Kavram: Ezılle/Gölgeler Nazariyesi

Author(s): Ali Avcu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

There are numerous studies on the esoteric sects in Islam. Though in these studies they have been discussed from different respects, none of them draws attention to the place and importance of the theory of shadows (aẓilla) in the esoteric sects. In this article, after the identification of the meaning of the theory of shadows, it has been argued that the concept of shadows has a central role in understanding the esoteric system of thought. In this context, it has been tried to reveal the central effect of the theory of shadows on the basic ideas of esoteric sects.

More...

Download

ir Kaidenin Serencamı: Hâcet Umumi Olsun Hususi Olsun Zaruret Menzilesine Tenzil Olunur

Author(s): Temel Kacır / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

In the fatwas given today related to whether individual or social life, the area of jawāz either has been very wide or very narrow. Those, who feature the behavior making prohibited things lawful, have nearly defined even necessity within the pragmatism on the basis of need and they keep the area in question very wide. On the other hand, those who confine the evidence of maṣlaḥa to a methodological principle, have nearly disregarded needs in solving individual and social problems. Whereas, in the fiqh, the needs have been categorized as necessary/ḍarūrī, human want/ḥājī and making beautiful/taḥsīnī, and many principles have been constructed for taking stock of them. One of the principles is the lex of “Need/al-Ḥāje, general or particular, is dealt with as to meet necessity/al-Ḍarūra.” When it is determined how this lex has come out since the first period and its conditions in the context of implementation are determined, it will be come out that necessary cannot be reduced to need. In the same way, it will be come out that the maṣlaḥa is not an evidence disconnected with life. So, in the article, we will discuss the concepts of necessary and need. Then, we will show what the conditions to be considered in implementation of this lex are, what its base is in the sharia, how it has come out since the first period, and how it has been used in actual issues of the fiqh as well as in a specific example. Thus, with this study, we purpose to contribute to the solution of the actual issues of the fiqh.

More...

Download

Osmanlı Tekke Mutfak Kültürü ve Mecmuâ-i Fevâid

Author(s): Güldane Gündüzöz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

The dervish lodge cuisine in the Ottoman lodge structuring has a central importance. The lodge cuisine helped Anatolia turn into a homeland. Travelers took shelter in the lodges in Anatolia. So, these buildings were a safe haven for those who travel. Lodge’s kitchens were always open. These kitchens offered a delightful “Sheikh Baba’s Soup” anytime and these kitchens gave peace and serenity to Anatolia. This article analyzes the Ottoman lodge food culture in the context of a manuscript which belongs to an imaret. This manuscript called Majmūʿa al-fawāʾid was written in between 1240-1250 (1825-1835) in Istanbul. This work belongs to the period of Sultan Mahmud II and the Hudāyī Lodge Foundation. Institution Employees and accounting records were disclosed in this manuscript in which the names of kitchenware are mentioned and recipes are found. This work gives detailed information about foods that are cooked in the Hudāyī Lodge Foundation’s imaret kitchen.

More...

Download

Kur’an’da Genel Anlamlı Bir Kelime: Nimet

Author(s): Davut Şahin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

In this study, the term of ‘blessing’, which is a basic Qurʾānic concept, is analyzed. In this regard, the study focuses on the definition of ‘blessing’, its different meanings in the various contexts, synonyms and antonyms and its leading individuals to the dimensions of faith, worship and morality. These subject matters are studied by taking into consideration of the meanings of ‘blessing’ in the Qurʾān and commentators’ explanations about the word. The expression of the ‘blessing’ in the Qurʾān indicates that the word has an extensive and constructive meaning. The fact that having an extensive meaning demonstrates that the points the word encompasses can be determined to some extent. It is exemplified in the Qurʾān what can be regarded as ‘blessing’. Furthermore, the commentators determine various meanings to the word by considering the contexts in which the word is used. It is understood that the aim of using the word in the Qurʾān is to lead the individuals to the dimensions of the faith, worship and morality. It is possible for people to be grateful to God by making this aim more visible in their lives.

More...

Download

Malezya Kamusal Zekât Uygulaması Üzerine

Author(s): İsmail Yalçın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

Zakat is a monetary form of religious worship that establishes a bridge between a rich and a poor, helps those who are in need and contributes to peace and tranquillity within a society. When zakat is collected properly under a government control and transmitted to those who deserve, it helped to decrease the gap between the poor and the rich, supported activities of social solidarity and revived the economy as well. Malaysia after its independence in 1957 has developed an interest in Islamic practices by drawing attention to a distinctive practice with the public zakat system. Even though a national- central system of zakat could not be established due to the federal structure of the country, the collection and distribution of zakat has been centralized on a state level. Parts of the practice are being criticized, reviewed and new regulations are introduced. Unlike Malaysia, the zakat practice in Turkey is out of state control, thus it hinders zakat from achieving its real purpose. There is a need to make use of the well-functioning zakat systems around the world and establish a public zakat system in our country so that we can make the most of the benefits that zakat has for individuals and societies. This article aims to be a step in that direction.

More...

Download

el-Müddessir 11-26. Âyetlerine Sosyal Psikoloji Teorileri Çerçevesinde Bir Bakış

Author(s): Mevlüt Erten / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

The surah of el-Muddaththir is one of the first surahs of the Qurʾān according to the chronological order of the revelation. In this surah, between the verses 11-26, the story of the harsh opposition by polytheists of Mecca is told through the story of Walīd ibn al-Mughīrah. In this study, we tried to examine these verses in the framework of the social psychological models named “social identity theory”, “realistic conflict theory” and “stereotype psychology”, which are subgroups of the discipline of social psychology. This study includes the interdisciplinary collaboration between theology and social science and supports that using social science as a tool to understand the Qurʾān will be insightful. This study consists of two parts. The first part includes the theoretical background information about the relevant concepts of social psychology. The second part explains the Qurʾānic verses in the light of these social psychology concepts.

More...

Download

Ebû Hayyân el-Endelüsî’nin Kitâbu’l-İdrâk li-lisâni’l-Etrâk Adlı Eserinin Dilbilim Açısından İncelenmesi

Author(s): Yusuf Doğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

Mamluks reigned in Egypt a long time is an era of Kipchak Turks that have influence management, and Kipchak Turks has been influential in a period in the administration there. During this period, that Turkish rulers do not know Arabic language well, Turkish language is spoken in the palace and also idea of being closer to Turkish manager screated an interest in learning. One of the famous scholars realizing that interest is Abū Ḥayyān al-Andalusī. Abū Ḥayyān by learning Turkish language especially from Fakhr al-dīn Divrigi and analysing written previously works, wrote Kitāb al-Idrāk li-lisān al-Atrāk. This book has consisted of introduction, vocabulary and grammar section. We also aimed in our study to examine Kitāb al-Idrāk in terms of content and than in terms of lexicography of the linguistic branch.

More...