Акад. Димитър Косев – изследовател на външната политика на управлението на Андрей Ляпчев (1926–1931): Историографски наблюдения

Author(s): Rumyana Parvanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2014

The article observes some areas of the scientific creativity of D. Kossev which were dedicated to the Bulgarian history in the 1920s and developed by him in the 1950s and 1960s. It also traces scientific publications on Lyapchev’s foreign policy written by other scholars in the late 1940s – mid 1960s. The author focuses on the historiographical reassessment of the foreign policy of the Bulgarian State (1918–1944) – reassessment that started in the end of the 1960s until the mid 1970s. She also reveals D. Kossev’s attitude to the theses of historians such as N. Genchev and I. Dimitrov and highlights D. Kossev’s contribution made in his monograph published in the mid-1990s, on the foreign policy of Bulgaria under the government of A. Lyapchev. An attempt is made to assess the work in terms of the development of objective historical processes and in view of its place in the historiography on foreign policy of the interwar Bulgaria. Attention has also been paid to the most recent scientific writings dealing with the external aspects of the refugee and the stabilization loan and reparations.

Z TRADYCJI POLSKIEJ NAUKI O POLITYCE (CZ. 3). JÓZEFA SIEMIEŃSKIEGO ROZUMIENIE KULTURY POLITYCZNEJ (1882–1941)

Author(s): Bronisław Pasierb / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2007

The author is considered to have been a forerunner of political culture studies in Poland. Our knowledge of the beginnings of political culture studies and historical political science is incomplete with the most widely known approach to it being the legal one. The writers, including J. Siemieński, analysed systemic institutions, the way they operate as well as Poles' involvement and the role they played in them. At the turn of the XIX and XX century polemics concerned causes for the fall of the Noblemen's Polish Republic – one of the focal issues around which revolved the effort of Polish humanists. It was reflected both in science and political journalism. Józef Siemieński took part in the disputes of that period. His first writing, the work of the young researcher remaining within the Warsaw milieu, dates back to 1907. He started a polemic with the renowned 'Cracow school of history', successfully joining the 'optimistic' stream of historiography. The questions of understanding of the term 'political culture' were developed by the author in further published works, included in the series entitled Nationality Issues, issued in Polish Weekly in 1912. The term political culture as 'the legal-national ideal' appears in the texts. The author referred it to the context of the nation and the state, indicating the role of political culture in building national awarness, not only of Polish people, but also of Lithuanian, Belarussian, Ukrainian and Jewish populations.

Един месец на оживена търговия. За държавната регламентация в градското стопанство на българските земи през XIX в.

Author(s): Rumen Kovachev,Rumyana Radkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2014

The material is part of the Ottoman customs register of Dupnitsa for financial year 1846–1847. The Register describes the goods that passed through the state land control – their type, quantity, value, the size of gyumruk (customs duty) and the market fee (bach). The names of the traders, the villages they came from and traveled to are also entered in the register. Dupnitsa is one of the few land customs stations in the Bulgarian lands in the nineteenth century, situated on strategically important country roads from Thessaloniki to Sofia and Europe and from the Adriatic Sea to Plovdiv, Odrin and Tsarigrad. The author presents a translation and commentary of the first 5 of the 20 pages of the register preserved in the Ottoman Department of the National Library St. Cyril and Methodius, Sofia. So far this is the only document of land customs checkpoints in the Bulgarian lands in the nineteenth century, which makes it a source of great cognitive significance, not only for goods flow and turnover at Dupnitsa, but also for documenting the Ottoman regulation policy of the urban economy in the Bulgarian lands at that time.

За легално-политическите начинания след въстанието в Северозападна България от 1850 г. (Предпоставки, факти, предположения.)

Author(s): Ognyana Mazhdrakova-Chavdarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2014

People’s sufferings and victims during the mass uprising of 1850 gave impetus to strong peaceful pressure from the Bulgarians to the Sublime Porte. The insurgent Christian population obtained authorization to send a delegation to Constantinople, consisting of elected representatives of Bulgarian municipalities, equipped with a letter of attorney confirming its legitimacy. The delegation carried collective memorandums and waged verbal negotiations with the central authorities in the capital raising number of requests for actual enforcement of the civil rights promised by the 1839 Edict of Gülhane, calling for wide municipal self-government, for the eradication of spahi tenure, the abolition of tax abuse etc. At the same time delegates expressed the firm desire of the until recently rebellious districts - of Belogradchik, Lom and Vidin (without the city of Vidin) – to be separated from the vali of Vidin and unite into a single administrative unit with an autonomous status under the suzerainty of the Sultan.

ANTHONY PRATKANIS, ELLIOT ARONSON: WIEK PROPAGANDY. UŻYWANIE I NADUŻYWANIE PERSWAZJI NA CO DZIEŃ, TŁUM. J. RADZICKI, M. SZUSTER, WYDAWNICTWO NAUKOWE PWN, WARSZAWA 2004

Author(s): Henryk Pietrzak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2007

PIOTR EBERHARD: GEOGRAFIA LUDNOŚCIOWA ROSJI, WYDAWNICTWO NAUKOWE PWN, WARSZAWA 2002

Author(s): Bartosz Wróblewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2007

JOANNA HOŁDA, ZBIGNIEW HOŁDA, DOROTA OSTROWSKA, JULITA AGNIESZKA RYBCZYŃSKA: PRAWA CZŁOWIEKA. ZARYS WYKŁADU, WYD. ZAKAMYCZE, KRAKÓW 2004

Author(s): Krzysztof Żarna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2007

Kongruencija, padeži i A-pomjeranje u bosanskome jeziku

Author(s): Emina Bičević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2014

The aim of this paper is to apply Chomsky’s theory of agreement and case assignment to Bosnian language. This theory argues that agreement involves a relationship between a probe and a goal. Some features enter the derivation already valued (the tense feature on T and the φ-features on nominal expressions), whereas others (the φ-features on T and the case feature on nominals) are initially unvalued and are assigned value in the case of derivation via a Feature Valuation operation.

Dativ u romanima Mihaila Lalića

Author(s): Nataša Jovović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 12/2014

This paper analyzes the functions and meanings of the dative in novels by Mihailo Lalić, which occurs in free and blocked usage, in which all prepositions except towards are monovalent. Given the nature of the relationship that is established in a construction consisting of case and preposition, dative belongs to the contact group of cases. This feature connects it with accusative and locative, which are opposed to genitive and instrumental, i.e. connection cases. In the language of Mihailo Lalić, dative is present in all syntactic and semantic relations and categories that normally characterize this case. The dominant characteristic is directivity, so that dative’s central function is marking the indirect object and spatial determinants, while at a stylistic level the functions of the subject, possessive and ethical dative contribute a particular language expression.

Vizualna komunikacija: Politički plakat kao persuasivno komunikacijsko sredstvo

Author(s): Nikolina Palašić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 12/2014

Using examples of posters from an election campaign, this paper deals with the relationship between picture and text generally, and in political discourse specifically. We focus on visual elements and text, and the ways in which they function as a communicative unit. Special attention is given to the sender’s intention and to the cognitive and emotional effects that the poster has on the receiver. These effects are based on the general social and cultural patterns from which certain mental images are created and activated through a targeted message.

Globalni memi u lokalnom konekstu: Kontakt bosanskoga i engleskog jezika na internetu

Author(s): Edina Špago-Ćumurija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2014

In accordance with the biological language model, memes are ideas and values, which spread within a community like viruses. They seem to have a cooperative function, enabling social coordination and a biologically based need for the defense and identification of potential intruders. Memes relate to cultural and language communities, language being the strongest link between people and their social reality, including their physical experiences and psychological and physical reactions to it. Today’s society functions locally, within cultural and language communities, and globally, beyond the nation and its limited territory. Such a global approach has been creating new, very often hybrid values, and consequently, new elements in language, mostly in the lexicon. Bosnian language and society inevitably interact with other cultures, languages and values, mostly through media and the Internet as a typical global platform for communication. This paper analyzes the linguistic content of the most popular Bosnian-Herzegovinian websites, with special emphasis on the global memes/lexical units that are entering its linguistic and cultural space, and which create new values as they adjust themselves to the local context. Analysis shows how much the Internet language reflects global values in this local context, and how this indicates trends of social change in Bosnia & Herzegovina.

Književna baština: Književnohistorijski i/ili poetološki pristup

Author(s): Esad Duraković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2014

Classical literature in Oriental-Islamic languages (Arabic, Persian and Turkish) is in modern times studied within national literary histories (including Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and Bosniak). These approaches are indicative of literature’s ideological compulsion in arguing national identities, although classical literature in the aforementioned languages was exceedingly supranational, that is anational because these authors, in a poetical manner, asserted a vast, Oriental-Islamic tradition rather than a personal or national identity. Methodologically speaking, this issue concerns an inadequate contemporary attitude in approaching classical literature that was written as a supranational or international system within a vast cultural circle. Literary histories dealing with this period have not succeeded in presenting essential classical literature, as they are subordinated to historical methods. Therefore, this legacy in Oriental- Islamic languages has yet to be given adequate attention, based on the competences of poetology that demonstrate the unfounded nature of modern ethnocentric approaches.

Pjevati “rame uz rame”: Mostarska nazira u osmanskoj interliterarnoj zajednici

Author(s): Madžida Mašić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2014

The nazira genre is very specific in diwan literature because it is a counterpart-song or poem parallel, written in the same meter and rhyme and addressing the same content as the poem on which it is modeled. The literature of Bosniaks in Oriental languages began its evolution within the Ottoman literary tradition, and the development of this genre within the context of what can be tentatively called “literature from the margins” is significant to studying the theory of interliterary processes.

O konceptu gnostičke ljubavi u Divanu Hafiza Širazija

Author(s): Yousef Mohammadnejad / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2014

“Love” is a key term often used in Iranian culture, language and literature. It can be said that Iranian literature, especially poetry, is a story of love and lovers. There are two essentially different approaches: one is directed towards mundane love and the beloved, and the other towards heaven, Godly love and meeting the true Beloved One. There is also a third approach which is a combination of the first two: its focus is partly on mundane love, whilst its real goal is Godly love and its real Beloved One is heaven-bound. This combined approach equally praises enjoying the beauty of the metaphorical Beloved One and beholding the endless beauty of the primordial Beloved One—the beauty of the Lord of all worlds and the source of beauty. Ghazal is the most appropriate poetic form for the expression of love words and games, and under the influence of the aforementioned approaches two basic branches emerged during the history of Persian literature: metaphorical ghazal and Gnostic ghazal. These branches had developed independently for more than two centuries before they finally merged and reached their peak in Hafez’s ghazals. Therefore, these ghazals—whose main theme is Love, and which incorporate symbols of mundane love as well as elements of Gnostic love—have been the subject of much attention from Iranians, in Hafez’s age through to modern times, fundamentally changing their understanding of the term “love”.

A Contemporary Reading of Coriolanus

Author(s): Alen Avdić,Damir Arsenijević / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2014

Shakespeare’s Coriolanus projects a psychological account of a nation that is crushed under an economic crisis and stricken with both internal and external conflict. The masses of Rome are fighting the Senate internally while the external conflict between Rome and the Volscian army. Viewed from the perspective of a 21st century setting, one cannot escape the haunting feeling that Coriolanus symptomatically displays on page, on stage and on film. This paper will attempt to shed light on the manner political psychology operates within Coriolanus. This paper will focus on the issue of how situating Coriolanus in our contemporary time and age can be a fitting context for observing the unease tied to the revolt of the people. This is best seen when set against a cultural materialist analysis of the 2011 Ralph Fiennes adaptation. His portrayal of Coriolanus, a vicious Roman general, ironically finds its rightful place in our contemporary world – a world that is as plagued by war and death as it was in Coriolanus’ time. Ralph Fiennes’ directorial debut with Coriolanus (2011) situates its main character in the contemporary world and gives an astonishingly accurate account of a modern political strife. Furthermore, this paper will examine Fiennes’ focus on the issue of ‘body politics’ by examining Coriolanus as a part of ruling society of the ‘body’ of Rome. As a representative of the patrician class of Rome, Coriolanus’ prowess in battle would seem to make him an ideal hero for the masses.

Kiplingov Orijent – “Bela foka”

Author(s): Amela Lukač-Zoranić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2014

In his “serious” works Kipling glorifies British imperial power, while his works for children contain a distinctive ode to nature and human curiosity. In the case of the former, Kipling uses a series of dichotomies, the first of which is “civilized” versus “wild”: white man in opposition to the indigenous people of India. Being part of civilization automatically provides the white man with a superior character in relation to the painted primitive man, and thus justifies the colonizer’s right to undisputed rule. On this basis, Kipling’s identification and subsequent ascertainment or revision of the identity of the Other (who is little-known and different, for various reasons) comes from the adopted dichotomy of the subaltern versus self-determination of the superior race that colonized India. “The White Seal” is the story in which Kipling’s didactic tendencies are most obvious. In it, he not only condemns the hunters for killing seals for their pelts, but also for creating an ideal hierarchical racist system in the seals’ realm. His solution is a white seal that will lead the others to safe shores where they can live peacefully. From the postcolonial perspective, this story is a symbolic narrative about the value of what is “white”.

Rodne predodžbe u dramama Ahmeda Muradbegovića

Author(s): Renate Hansen-Kokorus / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2014

Ahmed Muradbegović’s plays Darkness of the Blood (Pomrčina krvi, 1923), The Mad Dog (Bijesno pseto, 1926), Mother (Majka, 1934) and On the Lord’s Path (Na božjem putu, 1936) are analyzed through the lens of gender relationship, as they are based on familiar relationships and figures shown in pairs. The family model of a pyramid—applied in several of these plays—with the father on top is transformed into a model of a quadrangle, with the functional categories of male and female and age and youth, with the daughter in the weakest position. In the setting of the patriarchal world, these plays portray a radicalization of positions, which is mainly expressed through gender roles. Underneath the breakup of the traditional family, the pursuit of liberation is emphasized, especially that of women. A further aspect deals with ethics as they connect to the symbols of activities and space, and with the critical distance from traditional gender roles.

“Sarajevski tekst” u poeziji Abdulaha Sidrana

Author(s): Nehrudin Rebihić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2014

The aim is to present the idea and memory figure “Sarajevan text” in Bosniak literature, using the example of poetic works by Abdulah Sidran. Sidran’s poetry collections represent Sarajevo in different ways: Sarajevan Collection (Sarajevska zbirka) interprets Sarajevo as a policy, a city with a significant historical and cultural repository of memory; The Coffin of Sarajevo (Sarajevski tabut) presents it through the metaphor of the city under siege; and Affliction (Morija) depicts it as a necropolis. This article seeks to determine how literary texts participate in the creation of the image and knowledge of a particular space, and how their projections and representations of space become “real” and “realistic”.

Slika žene u zbirci pripovjedaka Erendiz Atasü Postoje i žene

Author(s): Melinda Botalić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2014

The image of woman presented in the first collection of tales by Turkish writer Erendiz Atasü, entitled Kadınlar da Vardır (Women Also Exist), is typical of a traditional patriarchal society: that of mother and humble housewife, bound to the home to keep order in this private space. This article will give an overview of the creation and development of feminism(s) through time, including the necessity from which it/they were created, along with responses from famous feminist theoreticians throughout history. Some of the important topics in this research that relate directly to female characters presented in the short stories “One Right, One Wrong”, “Women Also Exist”, “The Time of Socializing on the Balcony” and “The Quiet Ali”, are problems that women have struggled with in order to be in the position they occupy today. A connection and similarity between women’s issues and feminism is established, in terms of the feminism(s) occurring in America, Japan, Egypt, Turkey and other countries in which women fight for their rights. Special emphasis is placed on the discrimination and oppression of women, and their exclusion from the public sphere, as well as their role of the Other, which is assigned from birth.

Osvrti i prikazi

Author(s): Jelena Bašanović-Čečović,Tarik Ćušić,Ismail Palić,Azra Hodžić-Čavkić,Adijata Ibrišimović Šabić,Amra Mulović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2014

Rječnik crnogorskog narodnog i književnog jezika John Olsson: Forenzička lingvistika, Nakladni zavod “Globus”, Zagreb, 2010 Edina Solak, Rasprave o jeziku u Bosni i Hercegovini od 1850. do 1914, Institut za jezik, Sarajevo, 2014 Zbornik radova sa “Sarajevskih filoloških susreta II” (knjiga I), Bosansko filološko društvo, Sarajevo, 2014. Muhamed Gafić, Zrelo doba, Sarajevo, 2012. Muhameda Gafića Zrelo doba, Sarajevo, 2012. Muntedā al-‘alāqāt al-‘arabiyya wa al-duwaliyya, al Dūḥā, 2014, 224 str.